<p>Firbank Fell is a hill in Cumbria between the towns of Kendal and Sedbergh that is renowned as a place where George Fox, the founder of the Religious Society of Friends , preached.</p><br>
<p>Fox described what happened there on June 13, 1652 in this way:</p><br>
<p>While others were gone to dinner, I went to a brook, got a little water, and then came and sat down on the top of a rock hard by the chapel. In the afternoon the people gathered about me, with several of their preachers. It was judged there were above a thousand people; to whom I declared God&#39;s everlasting truth and Word of life freely and largely for about the space of three hours.</p><br>
<p>Because of Foxs preaching there, the site is sometimes called "Foxs Pulpit." A plaque on the rock there commemorates the event, which is sometimes considered the beginning of the Friends movement.</p><br>
<p>Firbank Fell is now immortalised as a place of Quaker history in one of the four houses at the Quaker school Bootham School.</p><br>
<p>Ardingly Reservoir is a 198 acre reservoir that feeds the River Ouse located in West Sussex, England 5 mi north of Haywards Heath. The villages of Ardingly and Balcombe are immediately to the east and north of the reservoir respectively. The reservoir was created in 1978 by damming Shell Brook, a tributary of the River Ouse which flows into the Ouse about 500m south of the Reservoir.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir is filled with water pumped from the River Ouse when river flows are high. The water is stored in the reservoir before being treated and distributed to consumers.</p><br>
<p>The Ardingly Activity Centre provides watersports for the public including wind surfing, canoeing, powerboating and dinghy sailing.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir is a popular fishing venue offering 3 mi of freshwater fishing for carp, tench, pike, roach, rudd, eel, gudgeon, European perch and bream.</p><br>
<p>The west bank of the reservoir is private property of the Balcombe Estate but the north, south and east shores offer public rights of way and bridleways. Ornithologists are catered for with two bird hides situated on the east bank.</p><br>
<p>The site is a local Nature Reserve.</p><br>
<p>Ringwood Manor in Passaic County, New Jersey was the site of an ironworks and home to a number of well-known ironmasters from the 1740s to the late 19th century. The current manor house was not built until 1807.</p><br>
<p>Scottish engineer Robert Erskine was hired in 1771 to manage the ironmaking operations at Ringwood. During the American Revolutionary War, after designing a cheval-de-frise for the Hudson River in 1776, he was appointed by General George Washington as his first Geographer and Surveyor General of the Continental Army. Erskine drew more than 275 maps of the northern sector. He also kept Ringwood iron operating, as the manufacture was important to supplying the Continental war effort. It was used in manufacturing links for the Hudson River Chain, a defensive device installed across the river north of West Point, and for tools and hardware for the army.</p><br>
<p>In the early 19th century, Martin J. Ryerson purchased the historic ironworks. He began building the present Manor House in 1807 while still operating the iron mines and forges on the property. For the next half century, Ryerson ran five forge-furnace complexes in three counties from his headquarters at Ringwood. He made shot for the War of 1812. He also negotiated land and water rights with the Morris Canal Company for expansion of Long Pond (Greenwood Lake) and construction of the Pompton Feeder on the Morris Canal. The Ryerson Steel Company is still operating today.</p><br>
<p>New Yorks Peter Cooper, an inventor and industrialist, and his young son-in-law, Abram S. Hewitt, purchased Ringwood in 1854. One of the Manors last owners was Abram S. Hewitt, ironmaster, educator, lawyer, USA Congressman, and mayor of New York City.</p><br>
<p>A 479 acre area including the manor house was declared a National Historic Landmark District in 1966. The Ringwood Manor NHL area is the entire 479-acre Ringwood Manor State Park. One outbuilding houses a working coal-fired, bellows-fed forge. It was rebuilt in the 1960s and has since been briefly operated from time to time by volunteer blacksmiths.</p><br>
<p>Ringwood Manor is included within the larger Ringwood State Park, which also includes Skylands Manor and a recreational area. It is located three miles (5 km) east of Hewitt, New Jersey, off Route 23.</p><br>
<p>In 1792 Charles François Dumouriez outmaneuvered the invading forces of the Duke of Brunswick in the forest before the Battle of Valmy.</p><br>
<p>During World War I, the forest again became the site of intense military action. Bitter fighting between German and Allied units took place here in autumn and winter 1914, summer 1915 and autumn 1918. During the Meuse-Argonne Offensive (1918), several United States Army soldiers earned the Medal of Honor there, including Colonel Nelson Miles Holderman, Major Charles White Whittlesey, Sergeant Alvin C. York - most of them part of the "Lost Battalion", and William Henry Johnson a.k.a. "Black Death".</p><br>
<p>The World War I Montfaucon American Monument consists of a large granite Doric column, surmounted by a statue symbolic of Liberty. The monument is located twenty miles northwest of Verdun. It is not far from the Meuse-Argonne American Cemetery and Memorial.</p><br>
<h2>Points of interest</h2><br>
<p>*Arboretum du Petit-Bois</p><br>
<p>Gleniffer Braes  is a short range of hills and park area to the south of Paisley, Scotland which form the boundary of Renfrewshire and North Ayrshire.</p><br>
<h2>Area</h2><br>
<p>In the braes, is found the Robertson Country Park. The park is an upland area covering approximately 480 acres. It is mainly moorland but there is some woodland areas and hill farming areas. There is also woodland walk paths, streams and waterfalls, picnic areas, birdwatching sites and play equipment for children. Stunning views of Paisley and the lower Clyde Valley to Ben Lomond are offered from the park, specifically from Robertson car park (aka car park in the sky). The area is situated on the edge of the Clyde plateau lavas, an interesting feature is Gleniffer gorge situated along the Tannahill walkway. It reaches some 50 feet deep in places and is eroded by the Gleniffer burn. Another feature is the Craigielinn waterfall in Glen park, where stalactites can be seen hanging in winter.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>Cattle are used to control the vegetation and retain the wide open spaces within the park area. Birds that can be seen in the area include, skylarks, sparrowhawks, kestrels, goldcrests and chaffinches. Other animals include roe deer, woodmice, voles and tawny owls can be seen at night.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Park has associations with the 18th and 19th century weaver poets of Paisley. Robert Tannahill (1774-1810) and Hugh Macdonald (1817-1860) are commemorated by the Tannahill walkway and the Tannahill well, Macdonald&#39;s walks and the Bonnie wee well. The Lapwing lodge outdoor centre (formerly Peesweep) is situated on the braes. It was originally a sanatorium for Coats Mill workers and was built in 1910. The Red Cross and the Scouts used it for camping. It is now owned by the West Region Scout Council. There was also a pub called the PeejobbyInn. It was converted to a private house in 1925 and further since demolished. A major electrical substation is also here. It was expanded in 2005 and covers the site of the former WWII decoy ponds as well as a radio transmitter.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>Visitors to the park can enjoy miles of paths through woodland and moorland areas. These paths provide beautiful scenery, peace and quiet and vast open spaces. Some of the paths lead to wider walking networks out with the park, including Brandy Burn way and the Fereneze Braes paths. There is also a ranger service from the local council who provide guided walks. Cyclists and horse riders are also welcome to use the park. Picnicking, dog walking, children&#39;s playing equipment, bird watching and kite flying can also be enjoyed at the park. Seasonal activities include Easter egg rolling and sledging.</p><br>
<p>Saint Leo Abbey is a Benedictine monastery located in Saint Leo, Florida, United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Saint Leo Abbey, located in Pasco County, Florida, traces its beginnings to 1882 when Judge Edmund F. Dunne founded the Catholic Colony of San Antonio. Sent by Archabbot Boniface Wimmer, Father Gerard Pilz, O.S.B., arrived in 1886 as the first Benedictine in Florida. He was dispatched to Florida in response to a request by Bishop John Moore of St. Augustine for a German-speaking priest to minister to the growing German-immigrant population of the colony. Abbot Leo Haid of Mary, Help of Christians Abbey in Belmont, North Carolina made the arrangements to establish Saint Leo College, now Saint Leo University. On June 4, 1889 both Saint Leo College and the Benedictine mission that would later become Saint Leo Abbey were founded on lands conveyed to the Order of Saint Benedict by Judge Dunne. Saint Leo became an independent priory in 1894 and was elevated to an abbey on September 25, 1902 by Pope Leo XIII.</p><br>
<p>In addition to providing priests for the churches of the Catholic Colony, the monks went on to establish Catholic parishes in not only nearby Dade City, but also Zephyrhills, New Port Richey, Brooksville Crystal River and Ocala. They even established parishes as far away as Farmingdale, NY and Cuba. In the early part of the 20th century, St. Leo&#39;s Benedictines monks could be found in churches and missions throughout the northern half of peninsular Florida. Saint Leo Abbey also sent missionaries to Argentina in the second half of the 20th century. St. Leo continued to supply priests for Catholic congregations throughout Pasco, Hernando and Citrus counties until the last decade of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>Abbot Francis Sadlier commissioned an abbey church to be built in 1935. The Church of the Holy Cross was consecrated on January 29, 1948 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998 as part of the St Leo Abbey Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The sixth and current Abbot of Saint Leo is Rev. Isaac Camacho.</p><br>
<p>On January 7, 1998, the St. Leo Abbey Historic District was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places. The district is in St. Leo, Florida on the campus of Saint Leo University, located at 33701 SR 52. It encompasses 100 acre, and contains three historic buildings.</p><br>
<h2>Abbots of Saint Leo</h2><br>
<p>The following individuals have served as Abbots of Saint Leo Abbey:</p><br>
<h2>Further reading</h2><br>
<p>Horgan, James J. (1990). Pioneer College: The Centennial History of Saint Leo College, Saint Leo Abbey, and Holy Name Priory. Saint Leo College Press. FL.</p><br>
<p>Lake Fitri is located in the center of Chad about 300 km east of N’Djamena. The normal size of the lake is about 50,000 hectare. The size of this lake can triple in wetter years. This freshwater lake is shallow and is fed by seasonal rainfall and run-off from a catchment area estimated at 70,000 km&sup2;. The principal river feed is the seasonal Batha River which carries water from the Ouaddai massif to the east.</p><br>
<p>Similarly to Chad&#39;s other lake, Lake Chad, it is not quite as large as once was. It has been designated under the Ramsar Convention as a Wetland of International Importance. The normally permanent lake may dry out during severe drought periods, such as occurred at the beginning of the twentieth century and again in 1984–1985.</p><br>
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<p>The Whittier Narrows is a water gap between the Puente Hills to the east and the Montebello Hills to the west. The gap is located at the southern boundary of the San Gabriel Valley, through which the Rio Hondo and the San Gabriel River flow through to enter the Los Angeles Basin. The gap is also traversed by both Interstate 605 and California State Route 19.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first European land exploration of Alta California, the Spanish Portolá expedition, discovered Whittier Narrows on its return journey to San Diego. On the outbound journey, the party had followed San Jose Creek, reaching the San Gabriel River north of the Narrows. Franciscan missionary Juan Crespi noted in his diary, "We started out in the morning through the gap of the valley of San Miguel, which is very full of trees. We traveled a long while to the southwest on the edge of the stream, which, rising from a copious spring of water in the same gap, merits now the name of river; its plain is covered with willows and some slender cotton woods."</p><br>
<p>Whittier Narrows was the meeting point for boundary corners of several land-grant ranchos, created during the Spanish-Mexican era, including the Rancho Paso de Bartolo.</p><br>
<p>On 1 October 1987, the 5.9 Whittier Narrows earthquake affected the Greater Los Angeles Area with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe).</p><br>
<h2>Whittier Narrows Recreation Area</h2><br>
<p>The Whittier Narrows Recreation Area is a large multi-use facility, headquartered in South El Monte, containing North Lake, Center Lake, and Legg Lake (where radio-controlled model speedboats may be operated), a rifle and pistol shooting range, numerous softball and soccer fields with picnic tables, a paved airstrip for radio-controlled hobby aircraft, and a connector trail between the Class I Rio Hondo bicycle path and the San Gabriel River bicycle path. The park is roughly bordered by Garvey Avenue and San Gabriel Blvd to the north and west and Durfee Avenue and Santa Anita/Merced Avenues to the south and east. A convenient point of access is the Rosemead Blvd (State Route 19) exit south from the Pomona (60) Freeway.</p><br>
<p>Within the Recreation Area is the Whittier Narrows Nature Center, which contains exhibits about the plants and animals of the river environment, including live displays. The center offers public programs, lectures, ranger tours and education programs. In October 2008, a proposed new interpretive center drew controversy over the potential destruction of a large amount of existing wildlife habitat.</p><br>
<h2>Whittier Narrows Dam</h2><br>
<p>The Whittier Narrows Dam is a flood control and water conservation project constructed and operated by the USA Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District. It collects runoff from the uncontrolled drainage areas upstream along with releases from the Santa Fe Dam, and can redirect flows into the Rio Hondo or the downstream San Gabriel. It was completed in 1957.</p><br>
<p>Northern Bay Sands is a popular beach and campgrounds in Northern Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. In 1775, a ship supposedly crashed off the coast of the beach due to the Great Hurricane of 1775. Throughout the 19th and early 20th century the beach was used as a site for gutting, cleaning and salting fish in the small-boat cod fishery. After Confederation, the beach became a provincial park.</p><br>
<p>Tourism at the park – which presently has upwards of 50 campsites – steadily increased over the next few decades. In 1997, a majority of provincial parks in Newfoundland and Labrador were privatized.</p><br>
<p>The beach is frequented by many tourists between Victoria Day weekend (May 24) and Labour Day weekend in September. In the past there were music festivals, with a large one called The Beach Bash, that took place at least once a summer at the park. Presently, The Beach Bash and other festivals are no longer held and the stage where musicians performed for the festival has been removed. Coincidentally, the current owner and operator of the beach is Neal O&#39;Leary, the independent Newfoundland musician who first started The Beach Bash.</p><br>
<p>Northern Bay Sands has two freshwater pools on the northern end of the beach and the majority of its campsites on the southern end. There are two bars, a laundromat, a café and a take-out restaurant within walking distance of the beach.</p><br>
<p>Craigenputtock is the craig/whinstone hill of the puttocks . It is the 800 acre upland farming estate in the civil parish of Dunscore in Dumfriesshire, within the District Council Region of Dumfries and Galloway.</p><br>
<p>It comprises the principal residence – a two-storey, 4 bedroomed Georgian Country House (category B listed), 2 cottages and a farmstead, 315 acre of moorland hill rising to 1,000 ft above sea level, 350 acre of inbye ground of which 40 acre is arable/ploughable and 135 acre of woodland/forestry. It was once the residence of the well-known writer Thomas Carlyle, who wrote many famous works there.</p><br>
<p>It was the property for generations (circa 1500) of the family Welsh, and eventually that of their heiress, Jane Baillie Welsh Carlyle (1801–1866) (descended on the paternal side from Elizabeth, the youngest daughter of John Knox), which the Carlyles made their dwelling-house in 1828, where they remained for seven years (before moving to Carlyle&#39;s House in Cheyne Row, London), and where "Sartor Resartus" was written. The property was bequeathed by Thomas Carlyle to the Edinburgh University on his death in 1881. It is now home to the Carter-Campbell family, and managed by the C.C.C. (Carlyle Craigenputtock Circle).</p><br>
<h2>Picture gallery</h2><br>
<h2>James Paterson on Craigenputtock</h2><br>
<p>The artist James Paterson (one of the "Glasgow Boys") stayed at Craigenputtock in 1882. The following is his account and sketches of his stay:</p><br>
<p>Premuda is a small island in Croatia, off the northern Adriatic coast. It belongs to the north Dalmatian islands which are situated north-west from the county center Zadar. Premuda is approximately 10 km long, up to 1 km wide, and has an area of 9.2 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<p>It is situated southwest of Silba and northwest of Škarda and is the last island before the Italian coastline.</p><br>
<p>The town of Premuda has about 50 inhabitants but the population strongly varies during the summer season. The population of Premuda is cultivating olives and breeding sheep and in the last few years they have become involved in tourism. There are three restaurants on the island.</p><br>
<p>Premuda is a popular destination among nautical and diving tourists. Premuda has some very popular diving spots. The "Katedrala" is a system of connected caves with beautiful light rays that fall through the porous ceiling of the caves. Another famous diving spot is the wreck of the World War I Austro-Hungarian battleship SMS Szent István, which is located in a depth between 40–60 meters (131–199 feet) and accessible only to experienced divers.</p><br>
<p>Himalchuli is the second highest mountain in the Mansiri Himal, part of the Nepalese Himalayas. It lies south of Manaslu, one of the Eight-thousanders. Himalchuli has three main peaks: East , West  and North . It is also often written as two words, "Himal Chuli".</p><br>
<p>Himalchuli is the 18th highest mountain in the world</p><br>
<p>(using a cutoff of 500m prominence, or re-ascent). Himalchuli is also notable for its large vertical relief over local terrain. For example, it rises 7000m over the Marsyangdi River to the southwest in about 27 km horizontal distance.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing history</h2><br>
<p>Exploratory visits to the peak were made in 1950 and 1954, and a first attempt in 1955 failed early on. Further reconnaissance and attempts followed in 1958 and 1959.</p><br>
<p>The first ascent was made on May 24, 1960, by Hisashi Tanabe and Masahiro Harada, of Japan. The route followed the "Sickle Ridge" from the southwest. They first climbed to the saddle between the West and Main peaks, where they placed the last of six camps. This ascent was somewhat unusual for a sub-8000m peak in using bottled oxygen.</p><br>
<p>The lists five other ascents of this peak, and 10 additional unsuccessful attempts. The ascents were by various routes on the south, southwest, and southeast sides of the mountain.</p><br>
<p>The West Peak was first climbed in 1978 by two members of a Japanese expedition to the main peak of Himalchuli. They climbed from the south (the Dordi Khola) and approached the summit of the West Peak from the east.</p><br>
<p>The North Peak was first climbed in 1985 by a Korean expedition, via the North Face.</p><br>
<p>Namcha Barwa or Namchabarwa  is a mountain in the Tibetan Himalaya. The traditional definition of the Himalaya extending from the Indus River to the Brahmaputra would make it the eastern anchor of the entire mountain chain, and it is the highest peak of its own section as well as Earth&#39;s easternmost peak over 7,600 metres.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Namcha Barwa is in an isolated part of southeastern Tibet rarely visited by outsiders. It stands inside the Great Bend of the Yarlung Tsangpo River as the river enters its notable gorge across the Himalaya, emerging as the Siang and becoming the Brahmaputra. Namcha Barwa&#39;s sister peak Gyala Peri 7,294 metres rises across the gorge 22 km to the NNW.</p><br>
<h2>Notable features</h2><br>
<p>Namcha rises 5,000 to 6,800 metres above the Yarlung Tsangpo. After 7,795 metre Batura Sar in the Karakoram was climbed in 1976, Namcha Barwa became the highest unclimbed independent mountain in the world, until it was finally climbed in 1992.</p><br>
<p>In addition to being one of the highest mountains in the world, Namcha Barwa is also the third most prominent peak in the Himalayas after Mount Everest and Nanga Parbat.</p><br>
<p>Frank Kingdon-Ward described in the 1920s, "a quaint prophecy among the Kongbo Tibetans that Namche Barwa will one day fall into the Tsangpo gorge and block the river, which will then turn aside and flow over the Doshong La. This is recorded in a book by some fabulous person whose image may be seen in the little gompa at Payi, in Pome. " (126-7)</p><br>
<h2>Climbing history</h2><br>
<p>Namcha Barwa was located in 1912 by British surveyors but the area remained virtually unvisited until Chinese alpinists began attempting the peak in the 1980s. Although they scouted multiple routes, they did not reach the summit. In 1990 a Chinese-Japanese expedition reconnoitered the peak. Another joint expedition reached 7460m in 1991 but lost member Hiroshi Onishi in an avalanche. The next year a third Chinese-Japanese expedition established six camps on the South Ridge over intermediate Nai Peng (7,043m) reaching the summit October 30.</p><br>
<p>Eleven climbers climbed to the summit.</p><br>
<p>U.K. Alpine Club&#39;s Himalayan Index lists no further ascents.</p><br>
<h2>Footnotes</h2><br>
<p>The Campo de Cahuenga, near the historic Cahuenga Pass in present-day Universal City, California, was an adobe ranch house on the Rancho Cahuenga where the Treaty of Cahuenga was signed between Lieutenant Colonel John C. Frémont and General Andrés Pico in 1847, ending hostilities in California between Mexico and the United States. The subsequent Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 1848, ceding California, parts of Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Arizona  to the United States, formally ended the Mexican-American War. From 1858 to 1861 the Campo de Cahuenga became a Butterfield Stage Station.</p><br>
<p>The original adobe structure was demolished in 1900. The city of Los Angeles provided funds for the purchase of the property in 1923, and a Mission Revival and Spanish Colonial Revival style replica "adobe" ranch house was built by the city following an effort led by Irene T. Lindsay, then President of the San Fernando Valley Historical Society, and dedicated on November 2, 1950. It is now a park and interpretive center managed by the City of Los Angeles&#39;s Department of Recreation and Parks in partnership with the Campo de Cahuenga Historical Memorial Association. Campo de Cahuenga is registered on the National Register of Historic Places, as California Historical Landmark No. 151, and as Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument No. 29.</p><br>
<p>The foundations of the original adobe were unearthed beneath Lankershim Boulevard during construction of the Metro Red Line subway. The parts of the foundations within the park are preserved as an exhibit, and the "footprint" of the foundations under the street and sidewalk is marked by decorative pavement.</p><br>
<p>Campo de Cahuenga is often confused with the nearby Rancho Cahuenga, an inholding within the Rancho Providencia land grant, now part of Burbank.</p><br>
<p>The building is used by various organizations for special programs and regular meetings, and it is open with a docent on the first Saturday of each month, from 12:00 PM to 4:00 PM.</p><br>
<p>Mount Wrangell, in Ahtna K’ełt’aeni or K’ełedi when erupting, is a massive shield volcano located in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve in southeastern Alaska, United States. The shield rises over 12,000 ft above the Copper River to its southwest. Its volume is over 220 cumi, making it more than twice as massive as Mount Shasta in California, the largest stratovolcano by volume in the Cascades. It is part of the Wrangell Volcanic Field, which extends for more than 250 km across Southcentral Alaska into the Yukon Territory, and has an eruptive history spanning the time from Pleistocene to Holocene.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Modern Mount Wrangell, built upon the remnants of a mid-Pleistocene volcano, has an eruptive history spanning from 750,000 years ago to minor phreatic eruptions in 1884. The shield volcano features an ice-filled caldera 2.5 by in diameter at the top of Wrangell&#39;s broad summit. The caldera was apparently formed by subsidence rather than large explosive eruptions. The caldera is in turn rimmed by three small craters, which often display fumarolic activity with steam plumes that can sometimes be seen from a distance. The main summit is on the north side of the caldera, while the west summit rises to 14,013 ft. The summit region above 13,000 ft in elevation is over 2 by in size. A very large cinder cone, 13,009 ft Mount Zanetti, rises nearly 1,000 ft above the northwest flank of Wrangell and is the source of some lava flows.</p><br>
<p>Wrangell is unusual in that despite being a shield volcano, it is made mainly of andesite rather than basalt, which forms most shield volcanoes in other parts of the world. A few other volcanoes in the Wrangell Volcanic Field also share this feature. Andesite is a volcanic rock found mainly in stratovolcanoes and tends to form short, stubby flows. How Wrangell grew into a shield volcano is poorly understood, but its lava flows appear to have been voluminous and were also probably generated by high eruption rates.</p><br>
<p>Mount Wrangell is almost entirely covered by an icefield that persists from year to year. The largest glacier on Wrangell is Nabesna Glacier, the source of the Nabesna River. and Copper Glacier.</p><br>
<p>Wrangell was the first high volcano in the Wrangell range to be climbed. Its summit can be visited by ski-equipped airplane.</p><br>
<h2>Naming</h2><br>
<p>Mount Wrangell was named after Russian Admiral Ferdinand von Wrangel (or Wrangell), governor of Russian America from 1830 to 1836. The Ahtna people call it Keltaeni, "the one who controls the weather," with the alternate name Uk&#39;eledi, "the one with smoke on it" when it is active. On some pre-1900 maps Wrangell was labeled as Mount Tillman.</p><br>
<h2>Volcanic activity</h2><br>
<p>Wrangell is the only volcano in the Wrangell Volcanic Field to have had historically recorded eruptions, generally in the form of small steam and ash explosions. Reports of activity have been recorded in 1784 and 1884&ndash;85. The 1784 eruption and another stated to have occurred in 1760 are disputed. The 1884-85 eruption was reported by local prospector Jon Bremner. An 1890 report mention a visible glow. Wrangell also occasionally emits ash, which can be seen coating the summit snow. The bulk of the mountain was built by large lava flows from 600,000 to 200,000 years ago. The summit caldera is believed to have collapsed within the last 200,000 years, and may have collapsed 50,000 years ago. Mount Zanetti is about 25,000 years old.</p><br>
<p>The amount of geothermal heat being emitted by Wrangell increased from the 1950s to the 1980s, raising the possibility of a future eruption. The heat flux was high enough to melt ice around the craters and create ice caves and small lakes in the north crater, with about 100 million cubic meters of ice melted by 1986. Since then heat output has decreased and ice has reaccumulated.</p><br>
<p>The Chemosphere is a modernist house in Los Angeles, California, designed by John Lautner in 1960. The building, which the Encyclopædia Britannica once called "the most modern home built in the world", is admired both for the ingenuity of its solution to the problem of the site and for its unique octagonal design.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The building stands on the San Fernando Valley side of the Hollywood Hills, just off Mulholland Drive. It is a one-story octagon with around 2200 square feet (200 m) of living space. Most distinctively, the house is perched atop a 5 ft concrete pole nearly 30 ft high. This innovative design was Lautner&#39;s solution to a site that, with a slope of 45 degrees, was thought to be practically unbuildable. Because of a concrete pedestal, almost 20 ft in diameter, buried under the earth and supporting the post, the house has survived earthquakes and heavy rains. The house is reached by a funicular. Chemosphere is bisected by a central, exposed brick wall with a fireplace, abutted by subdued seating, in the middle.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The lot had been given to a young aerospace engineer by his father-in-law; despite his own limited means, the engineer, Leonard Malin, was determined to live there. Malin had US$30,000 to spare. The cost to build Chemosphere, US$140,000, was subsidized partly by barter with two sponsoring companies, the Southern California Gas Company and the Chem Seal Corporation. Chem Seal provided the experimental coatings and resins to put the house together and inspired the name Chemosphere. (Lautner originally wanted to call the house Chapiteau.) In the end Malin paid US$80,000 in cash. The Malins and their four children lived there until rising costs and the demise of the aerospace industry forced them to sell in 1972.</p><br>
<p>In 1976, the house&#39;s second owner, Dr. Richard Kuhn, was stabbed to death at his home in a robbery by two men, who were subsequently convicted and sentenced to life in prison.</p><br>
<p>By 1997, the interior had become run down; for over 10 years it had been rented out and used for parties and as a result the interior finishes had undergone major and anachronistic alteration. Because of its unique design it proved to be a difficult sell and had sat on the market for most of its time as a rental property.</p><br>
<p>Since 1998, it has been the Los Angeles home of Benedikt Taschen, of the German publishing house Taschen, who has had the home restored; the only current issue with the home is the relatively high cost of maintenance. The recent restoration, by Escher GuneWardena Architecture, won an award from the Los Angeles Conservancy. Preservation architect Frank Escher wrote the first book on Lautner a few years after moving to Los Angeles in 1988, and oversees the John Lautner Archives. During restoration the architects added details that were unavailable 40 years before, as the technology simply did not exist. The gas company tile was replaced by random-cut slate, which could not be cut thin enough in 1960, despite Lautner&#39;s desire for such a finish. The architects also replaced the original thick framed windows with frameless glass. The owners commissioned a pastiche rug by German painter Albert Oehlen and a hanging lamp of bent plexiglas strips by Jorge Pardo, a Los Angeles artist.</p><br>
<p>The Taschen family planned to commission Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas to build a large new guesthouse at the base of Chemosphere on the site once owned by Leonard Malin&#39;s in-laws. The new house was intended to hold an art collection and library and to provide rooms enough for the four children the Taschens have between them. The plans were later cancelled due to fears the annex would visually compete with the main house. During the first few years the Taschens lived there, the house became locally famous for their parties, where photographer William Claxton and his model wife Peggy Moffitt would carouse with porn stars, jazz musicians and director Billy Wilder.</p><br>
<h2>Recognition</h2><br>
<p>The Chemosphere was declared a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument in 2004. It was also included in a list of all-time top 10 houses in Los Angeles in a Los Angeles Times survey of experts in December 2008.</p><br>
<p>The house forms part of a retrospective of Lautner&#39;s work which was shown at the Hammer Museum in Los Angeles between August and October 2008.</p><br>
<h2>Filming location</h2><br>
<p>The building was first used in a dramatic film as a futuristic residence in "The Duplicate Man", a 1964 episode of the ABC TV-program The Outer Limits, based on a science fiction story by American author Clifford D. Simak. Exterior scenes for the television episode were shot on location; a detailed sound stage set of the house&#39;s interior was built. It was also used in the 1984 film Body Double, directed by Brian De Palma.</p><br>
<p>It appears in the end credits of the 2015 Disney fantasy film, Tomorrowland, starring George Clooney.</p><br>
<p>The Mississinewa River is a tributary of the Wabash River in eastern Indiana and a small portion of western Ohio in the United States. It is 120 mi long. Via the Wabash and Ohio rivers, it is part of the Mississippi River watershed.</p><br>
<p>During the War of 1812, the river was the site of the Battle of the Mississinewa, which pitted United States forces against the Miami Indians. Two oilers of the USA Navy have been named USS Mississinewa after the river. The word Mississinewa is partly derived from the Miami Indian word nimacihsinwi which means "It lies on a slope".</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The Mississinewa River has its headwaters near the Indiana state border in northwestern Darke County, Ohio, within 2 mi of the start of the Wabash. Both rivers start out as drainage ditches for local farms and have very little water during drought in this immediate area. After exiting Darke County the Mississinewa flows for the remainder of its course in Indiana. It initially flows westward in a heavily straightened and channelized course through northern Randolph and Delaware counties; it turns northwestward in Delaware County and flows through Grant, Wabash and Miami counties. It joins the Wabash River from the south in Miami County, about 2 mi east of Peru.</p><br>
<p>Along its course the Mississinewa flows past the towns of Ridgeville, Albany, Eaton, Matthews and Jonesboro, and the cities of Gas City and Marion.</p><br>
<p>A series of limestone columns known as the "Seven Pillars of the Mississinewa" stands on the north side of the river about three miles (5 km) southeast of Peru in Miami County.</p><br>
<p>The Indiana Central Canal was to use the river for part of its length, but was never completed.</p><br>
<h2>Dams</h2><br>
<p>Near its mouth in Miami County, the USA Army Corps of Engineers Mississinewa Lake Dam causes the river to form Mississinewa Lake. The dam was built for flood control in 1967.</p><br>
<p>Two related and nearby lakes in north-central Indiana, created at approximately the same time as part of the same project, were formed when dams were constructed on the nearby Salamonie River and Wabash River. The Salamonie and Mississinewa join the Wabash downriver from the dam on the Wabash. The dams were designed to reduce flooding in southern Indiana and nearby towns.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Mississinewa Battlefield</h3><br>
<p>On Dec. 17, 1812, Lt. Colonel John B. Campbell with 600 mounted troops arrived at this site under orders to destroy the Miami Indian Villages along the Mississinewa River from here to the present site of Peru. The destruction of the village on this site resulted in the loss of the lives of two soldiers and eight Indians. Following the attack here, Campbells force proceeded two miles down the river and destroyed two more villages before returning here to camp for the night. Shortly before dawn on December 18, a force of Miami Indians attacked Campbells camp. The two-hour battle resulted in 10 soldiers being killed and 48 wounded. Approximately 40 Miami and Delaware Indians gave their lives in the defense of their lands. Having over 100 of his horses killed and fearing a second attack, Campbell ordered his troops to return to Fort Greenville late in the afternoon of the 18th. This action was one of the first ordered by General William Henry Harrison during the War of 1812.</p><br>
<h2>In literature</h2><br>
<p>The Mississinewa River is mentioned frequently in a series of poems by the contemporary American poet Jared Carter. In 1959 and 1960, while working as a reporter for the Huntington Herald-Press in Huntington, Indiana, Carter covered initial governmental announcements of the proposed construction of three large reservoir dams in north-central Indiana on the Mississinewa, Salamonie, and Wabash rivers.</p><br>
<p>In his first book, Work, for the Night Is Coming, published by Macmillan in 1981, Carter created the mythical Midwestern county of Mississinewa. The dustjacket explains that this county is located “east of Spoon River, west of Winesburg, and slightly north of Raintree County.” Its county seat is the actual rural town of Somerset next to the Mississinewa (River) Reservoir. The existing town of Somerset was moved by the USA Army Corps of Engineers up and out of the valley prior to the valley being flooded in 1966 to create the reservoir. The town now sits on the ridge above the river valley and reservoir in Wabash and Grant counties. To the northwest, in imaginary Prophet Township, the equally imaginary Massasauga River flows into the Mississinewa.</p><br>
<p>In that first book, two early poems, “The Undertaker” and “Monument City”, refer to the construction of a large reservoir on the Mississinewa River. This imaginary and purely literary reservoir is a conflation of the three actual lakes created by dams on the Mississinewa and the two adjacent rivers.</p><br>
<p>In Carter’s later books, After the Rain and Cross this Bridge at a Walk, additional poems – “The Purpose of Poetry,” “Mississinewa Reservoir at Winter Pool”, “Foundling,” “Isinglass,” “Mussel Shell with Three Blanks Sawed Out,” and “Lost Bridge” – narrate changes and dislocations in the lives of local residents brought about by the coming of the reservoir.</p><br>
<p>Platy  is a town and a municipality in eastern Imathia, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Alexandreia, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 181.375 km.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Platy was founded in 1924 by Greek refugees from Turkey after the Asia Minor Catastrophe. They came from the villages of the Farassa area in Cappadocia (today the village in Turkey is called Çamlıca (Faraşa) in Yahyalı Province of Kayseri). After many stops on their journey, their final destination was Platy. Before Platy was founded, there was a small village strategically near a railway station. It was 35 km from Veria, 40 from Thessaloniki and 512 from Athens. When Platy was founded it remained a small village with 2,300 inhabitants (as a separate community) but with a very important role in the area of Imathia. In the industrial area of Platy until the mid-1990s there were over 1,500 workers from Platy, Veria and Thessaloniki. However, after the economic crisis of 1999-2002, many of the factories based in the industrial zone of Platy were closed. Today there are only three factories, one of them being of national importance (the sugar state-owned factory "EBZ" or the Hellenic Sugar Industry S.A.). Some other small factories are based in the same industrial zone. In 1994, Platy absorbed three smaller communities and in 1998 another nine. Today, Platy is the centre of the municipal unit of Platy (about 11,000 inhabitants). The town has a population of about 2,300. There is a frequent train service to Athens and Thessaloniki and the visitor can also reach Platy by bus or car (following A1, A2 - Egnatia Odos and the E90 routes). There have been recent discussions about upgrading the old military airport 2 km NW of Platy for civil use.</p><br>
<h2>Subdivisions</h2><br>
<p>The municipal unit Platy is subdivided into the following communities (constituent villages in brackets):</p><br>
<p>Platy (Platy, Ergotaxio Loudia)</p><br>
<p>Arachos</p><br>
<p>Kleidi</p><br>
<p>Koryfi (Koryfi, Neochoropoulo, Palaiochora)</p><br>
<p>Lianovergi (Palaiochori)</p><br>
<p>Platanos</p><br>
<p>Prasinada (Prasinada, Kydonia, Niselloudi)</p><br>
<p>Trikala</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<p>Slogen is a mountain rising up from Hjørundfjorden in the municipality of Ørsta in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The mountain is located just west of the municipal boundary with Stranda and just north of the nearby mountain Jakta. Many famous Norwegians have been on the top of this mountain, including most notably Queen Sonja of Norway.</p><br>
<p>Even though it is not among the highest peaks in Norway, the 1,564 m tall mountain is rated among the top ten mountain walks in Norway. This is largely due to its beauty, view, and the fact that it&#39;s rising directly from the fjord.</p><br>
<p>Legend has it that Slogen was first climbed in 1870 by Jon Klokk. Later on that year it was climbed by the famous climber and alpine explorer William Cecil Slingsby. The latter wrote about the view from Slogen as "one of the proudest in Europe".</p><br>
<p>Tomb KV1, located in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt, was used for the burial of Pharaoh Ramesses VII of the Twentieth Dynasty. Although it has been open since antiquity, it was only properly investigated and cleared by Edwin Brock in 1984 and 1985. The single corridor tomb itself is located in Luxor&#39;s West Bank, and is small in comparison to other tombs of the twentieth dynasty.</p><br>
<h2>Tomb layout</h2><br>
<p>Typical of tombs from this period, KV1 is laid out in along a straight axis. The successors of Ramesses III constructed tombs that had followed this pattern and were all decorated in much the same manner as each other. It consists of four major parts: the entrance, a passageway, the burial chamber containing the sarcophagus, and a final smaller room at the end.</p><br>
<p>Ramesses VII was in the seventh year of his reign when he died. There is evidence that the room that ended up being the burial chamber was expanded from its original design as a corridor, and work on a subsequent room at the end of the tomb was halted.</p><br>
<p>The decoration within the passageway of the tomb contains illustrations from the Book of Gates, the Book of Caverns as well as the Book of the Earth. The walls of the burial chamber are decorated with extracts from the Book of the Earth. In terms of style and themes it closely follows that of its immediate predecessor, Ramesses VI&#39;s KV9, though the ceiling within the burial chamber contain a double image of the sky goddess Nut, reflecting a style used in tomb paintings used by pharaohs of the previous dynasty.</p><br>
<p>Within the burial chamber a depression has been cut into the rock, with an inverted box of stone shaped roughly like a cartouche placed over it. This is the last known example of a sarcophagus placed in a royal tomb, all subsequent burial consisting of deeper pits which were covered by a lid. The tomb was robbed in antiquity, and the mummy presumably lost, though four cups inscribed with the pharaoh&#39;s name were found in the "royal cache" in DB320 along with the remains of other pharaohs.</p><br>
<h2>Visits in antiquity</h2><br>
<p>The tomb was one of at least eleven tombs that were open to early travelers. As evidence of this, 132 individual graffitis left by Ancient Greek and Roman visitors have been counted throughout KV1. Later, the tomb was used as a dwelling by Coptic monks.</p><br>
<p>Early European visitors to the area included Richard Pococke, who visited KV1 and designated it "Tomb A" in his Observations of Egypt, published in 1743.</p><br>
<p>The savants accompanying Napoleon&#39;s campaign in Egypt surveyed the Valley of the Kings and designated KV1 as "1er Tombeau" ("1st Tomb") in their list.</p><br>
<h2>Recent archeological work</h2><br>
<p>Though not documented, the tomb was cleared in the 1950s. Starting in 1983, funded by the Royal Ontario Museum, Edwin Brock did a thorough excavation of the burial chamber floor, followed a decade later by an excavation of the tomb&#39;s entrance. In 1994, the Supreme Council of Antiquities cleaned the walls and repaired cracks with plaster. In doing so, they covered over graffiti that had been left there in ancient times.</p><br>
<p>Some of Brocks findings included fragments of wood, calcite and faience shabtis, ostraca decorated with sketches presumably by the tombs artists, a floral garland and numerous contemporaneous pottery sherds.</p><br>
<p>Tomb KV3, located in Egypt&#39;s Valley of the Kings, was intended for the burial of an unidentified son of Pharaoh Ramesses III during the early part of the Twentieth Dynasty. It is similar in design to the "straight axis" tombs typical of this dynasty, and an ostracon written in hieratic script from the time of Ramesses III mentions the founding of a tomb for a royal prince, likely this tomb. The unfinished state of a couple of rooms in the tomb along with scant archeological evidence suggests that the tomb was never used. Some have suggested that it was originally intended for use by the prince regent who would succeed as Ramesses IV, and who started building his own tomb  soon after he came to the throne.</p><br>
<h2>Tomb description</h2><br>
<p>In terms of its design it closely follows that used for tombs in the Valley of the Queens, and its size reflects the effort that would have gone into burying a member of the royal family.</p><br>
<p>Past the entrance to the tomb KV3 barely descends any further, a particular feature for other tombs built for other sons of Ramesses III in the Valley of the Queens. There are two corridors (labeled "A" and "B") which lead from the opening to the tomb, with the second passage flanked near the end by two chambers. Of these two chambers, only the one facing south ("Bb") was finished, the other one ("Ba") being only just begun when work on the tomb was abandoned. Past the second corridor is a larger room ("F") containing four pillars, and flanked by two smaller rooms. The tomb is located on the main path, close to the entrance to the Valley.</p><br>
<p>The tomb is located on the main path, close to the entrance to the Valley.</p><br>
<p>What tomb decoration that survives can be found only along the length and flanking gates on either end of corridor B. These show Rameses III followed by an unnamed prince, attended by various gods and goddesses. It is thought that more decoration once existed, since Karl Lepsius noted traces of paint on the vaulted chambers and mentions cartouches and images of Ramesses III in the first corridor when he visited the tomb in the 1840s.</p><br>
<p>There is evidence that in the Byzantine period the tomb was used as a Christian chapel.</p><br>
<p>Though open since Ancient times, the tomb was only properly excavated in 1912 by archeologist Harry Burton, which was funded by the wealthy American lawyer Theodore M. Davis. It was one of the last excavations funded by Davis, and no report of this excavation work was published.</p><br>
<p>KV4 is a tomb in the Valley of the Kings . The tomb was initiated for the burial of Ramesses XI but it is likely that its construction was abandoned and that it was never used for Ramesses&#39;s interment. It also seems likely that Pinedjem I intended to usurp this tomb for his own burial, but that he too abandoned the plan. KV4 is notable for being the last royal tomb that was quarried in the Valley and because it has been interpreted as being a workshop used during the official dismantling of the royal necropolis in the early Third Intermediate Period.</p><br>
<h2>Exploration and excavation</h2><br>
<p>Although KV4 has been open since antiquity and graffito from various ages attest to its popularity as an early tourist attraction it received little scholarly attention until John Romer&#39;s clearance in 1978-1980.</p><br>
<h2>Location, layout and contents</h2><br>
<p>KV4 is located in one of the valleys side wadis, next to KV46. Running back over 100 metres into the mountainside, it consists of a series of three gently sloping corridors leading towards the tombs well chamber (although no shaft is cut in its floor) and two unfinished, pillared chambers.</p><br>
<p>Decoration was only present on the lintel and jambs of the outer doorway and in the first corridor which has preliminary sketches in red ink on the plastered walls. Part of the decoration in the corridor was already damaged in antiquity and was later restored by Pinedjem I who replaced the king&#39;s names with his own in these restored scenes.</p><br>
<p>Romer&#39;s excavation of KV4 brought to light five groups of objects</p><br>
<p>Items originating from KV62 (tomb of Tutankhamun): fragmentary items discovered amongst the rubble fill in the corridor of KV62 and sections of the blockings from the inner and outer doorways of that corridor. These include the Head of Nefertem. The presence of these items in KV4 date from the time of Howard Carter&#39;s clearance of KV62.</p><br>
<p>Evidence of Coptic activities in the tomb: the remains (in the corridors and well chamber) of a beaten mud floor and a rough stone wall, together with shards of decorated pottery and a Byzantine copper mint.</p><br>
<p>Remains of an intrusive 22nd dynasty burial: found in the shaft of the burial chamber and consisting of bones, fragments of cartonnage and a partial coffin. This material showed signs of burning and it is likely that this burial was desecrated during the time of the Coptic presence in the tomb.</p><br>
<p>Fragmentary remains of several New Kingdom royal burials: found in the burial chamber and in the lower levels of the shaft which seems to have been undisturbed since the late New Kingdom. These include fragments of gilded gesso (some coming from a royal coffin), fragments of wooden panels that are linked stylistically with objects found in KV20 (tomb of Thutmose I and Hatshepsut) and KV35 (tomb of Amenhotep II), fragments of at least one anthropoid coffin from a mid-18th dynasty female ruler (probably Hatshepsut), a faience vessel bearing the Horus name shared by Thutmose I and Ramesses II, wooden statue bases (some bearing the prenomen of Thutmose III), fragments of a foot which matches with a wooden goose found in KV34 (tomb of Thutmose IV) and shabtis belonging to Ramesses IV.</p><br>
<p>Foundation deposits of Ramesses XI: these were associated with the shaft in the burial chamber (see above)</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>That KV4 was originally quarried for the burial of Ramesses XI is evident from the decoration in the corridor and the foundation deposits associated with the shaft. It appears however that this plan was abandoned in favour of a burial elsewhere (perhaps in Lower Egypt) The most likely explanation for Pinudjem&#39;s later restoration and the insertion of his cartouche would be that he intended to usurp the tomb at the beginning of his kingship, but this plan too was abandoned for an interment elsewhere, perhaps in the tomb of Inhapi (tomb WNA or possibly DB320) a tomb that was subsequently also used to rebury royal mummies from the seventeenth dynasty and the New Kingdom. These abandoned burial plans are perhaps to be associated with the apparent general abandonment of the valley as a royal necropolis and the start of the restoration and reburial of earlier pharaohs during the Wehem Mesut period.</p><br>
<p>After Pinudjems abandoned usurpation of KV4 it appears the tomb was used as a workshop to process funerary equipment from other royal tombs, most notably the burials of Thutmose I, Thutmose III and Hatshepsut. In this context a link is made between the gilded gesso fragments found in KV4 and the coffin of Thutmose III that was found in the DB320 cache. This coffin had been carefully stripped of the major portions of its gilded surface in antiquity and it has been suggested that this stripping was done in KV4. The fact that the individuals involved in these activities went through the time consuming procedure of scraping of the coffins surface without impairing its basic function as a container for the king&#39;s mummy, suggests this was not the work of common tomb robbers. The material recovered from KV4 has therefore been interpreted as evidence for a changed official policy towards the burials in the valley in which they were stripped of valuable commodities in an attempt to safeguard them from tomb robbers by making them less attractive, while at the same time the recovered valuables were used to refill the depleted treasuries of the period.</p><br>
<p>During the Byzantine period the open tomb was used by Copts as a residence and stable, while during the clearance of KV62 by Howard Carter in the 1920s it was used as a dining area and a storeroom, the latter during the early stages of that clearance before KV15 was made available for that purpose.</p><br>
<p>Tomb KV18, located in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt, was intended for the burial of Pharaoh Ramesses X of the Twentieth Dynasty; however, because it was apparently abandoned while still incomplete and since no funerary equipment was ever found there, it is uncertain whether it was actually used for his burial.</p><br>
<p>The tomb consists of an entryway and two sections of corridor separated by gates. The entryway was used by Howard Carter in the early 20th century as the site of the Valley&#39;s first electricity generator; he also had some of the corridor walls whitewashed. After penetrating the hillside for a distance of some 43 metres, it ends at the rock face into which a series of rough steps have been carved.</p><br>
<p>Very little is known about this tomb, and the final section of corridor was properly cleared of the voluminous flood débris filling it only recently.</p><br>
<p>Tomb KV36, located in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt, was used for the burial of the noble Maiherpri from the Eighteenth Dynasty.</p><br>
<p>Rediscovered by Victor Loret in his second season in the Valley of the Kings, on 30 March 1899, the tomb was found to be substantially undisturbed, but as it has for a long time not been properly published, it is not as well known as other burials in the valley. The objects found came all to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo where they were published in the Catalogue General (short: CG). The only source for the arrangement of the objects in the burial chamber was a short article by Georg Schweinfurth. He visited the tomb briefly before its contents was brought to Cairo. However, recently the notebooks of Loret were found and published, providing a detailed list and description of the objects found and their arrangement in the tomb chamber.</p><br>
<p>The tomb of Maherperi is a small shaft tomb with a chamber at the bottom on its west side. The burial chamber was undecorated, as with all burial chambers of non-royals in the Valley of the King. It is 3.90 m long and 4.10 m wide.Not much is known about Maiherpri as he does not appear in sources outside the tomb. Only two titles appear on the objects within the burial: child of the nursery and fan-bearer on the right side of the king. The mummy showed that he was a young man when he died.</p><br>
<p>Maiherpri was placed in a set of three coffins. The outer one is rectangular, painted black with gilded inscriptions and gilded decoration. It is more a shrine than a coffin. Inside it there were two anthropoid coffins also in black with gilded decoration. There is a third anthropoid coffin found next to this coffin ensemble with its lid placed next to the box. This caused some confusion and discussion in Egyptology. It seems that the extra coffin was intended as the innermost one, but was actually too big to fit into the set and was therefore left unused next to it. A similar situation was found in the burial of Tutankhamun, where his second coffins was also slightly too large for the outermost one. There the coffin was shortened directly in the tomb chamber, while in the burial of Maherperi a new coffin was obtained.</p><br>
<p>Maherperi mummy was adorned with a mummy mask. At the foot end of the rectangular coffin, on the east side was found his canopic box with the four canopic jars still in it. Next to it there was the Book of the Dead of Maiherpri and there were found several boxes with mummified pieces of meat. At the head of the coffins were found too many pottery vessels. Other objects from this tomb are stone vases, a senet game, a nicely painted faience bowl, a quiver, a glass vase and a funerary bed with the shape of Osiris laid out in wheat.</p><br>
<p>Tomb KV8, located in the Valley of the Kings, was used for the burial of Pharaoh Merenptah of Ancient Egypt&#39;s Nineteenth Dynasty.</p><br>
<p>The burial chamber, located at the end of 160 metres of corridor, originally held a set of four nested sarcophagi. The outer one of these was so voluminous that parts of the corridor had to have their doorjambs demolished and rebuilt to allow it to be brought in. These jambs were then rebuilt with the help of inscribed sandstone blocks which were then fixed into their place with dovetail cramps.</p><br>
<p>The pillars in Chamber F were removed to allow passage of the sacrophagus, only two were replaced.</p><br>
<p>The other two pillars may have been stolen by Paneb, a worker in the craftsman&#39;s village (Deir el Medina), for use in his own tomb.</p><br>
<p>Tomb KV15, located in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt, was used for the burial of Pharaoh Seti II of the Nineteenth Dynasty. The tomb was dug into the base of a near-vertical cliff face at the head of a wadi running south-west from the main part of the Valley of the Kings. It runs along a northwest-to-southeast axis, comprising a short entry corridor followed by three corridor segments which terminate in a well room that lacks a well, which was never dug. This then connects with a four-pillared hall and another stretch of corridor that was converted into a burial chamber.</p><br>
<p>The walls and ceiling of the chamber were covered with plaster and painted with Anubis jackals and two rows of deities, representing the followers of Ra and Osiris, which are placed over a lower row of mummy-like figures. The winged goddess Nut appears along the length of the ceiling. and what may be a representation of the Ba of Ra is painted above her head. The paintings are conventional depictions drawn from the Egyptian Litany of Re, Amduat and the Book of Gates. Wall paintings in the well room are more unusual; they show the king in shrines in a number of different manifestations, for instance on the back of a panther or on a papyrus skiff. The objects shown in the paintings are reflected in the finds made in the tomb of Tutankhamun.</p><br>
<p>Relatively little is known about the history of the tomb. Seti II was buried there, but he may have originally been buried with his wife Twosret in her tomb in KV14 and subsequently moved to the hastily finished KV15 tomb, perhaps by the later pharaoh Setnakhte, who took over KV14 for his own tomb. Setis name appears to have been carved, erased and then re-carved. Amenmesse or possibly Siptah may have been responsible for the erasure, while Twosret may have had Setis name restored. Seti&#39;s mummy was later moved to the mummy cache in tomb KV35; only the lid of his sarcophagus remains in KV15.</p><br>
<p>KV15 is known to have been opened in antiquity, as there are 59 examples of Greek and Latin graffiti on the walls. Richard Pococke investigated it as early as 1738, but it was not until the arrival of Howard Carter in 1903–04 that the tomb was properly cleared. The tomb has been opened to tourists with improved flooring, handrails and lighting.</p><br>
<p>Tomb KV57 is an ancient Egyptian tomb. Located in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt, it was used for the burial of Horemheb, the last Pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty.</p><br>
<p>The tomb was located by Edward Ayrton in February 1908, who was working for Theodore Davis. Due to its location in the valley floor, the tomb was filled with debris that had been washed down in the occasional flash-flooding.</p><br>
<p>The tomb is markedly different from the other major Eighteenth dynasty royal tombs. It does away with the dog-legged construction, and has painted bas-reliefs, rather than simple painted walls. Passages from the Book of Gates appear for the first time. The decoration was not completed through this king&#39;s fourteen years rule.</p><br>
<p>The sarcophagus of the king was constructed from carved, red quartzite, and was found with its lid broken. In it were contained bones and remains from several burials, none of them conclusively from Horemheb.</p><br>
<p>The Kachin Hills are a heavily forested group of highlands in the extreme northeastern area of the Kachin State of Burma. It consists of a series of ranges running mostly in a N/S direction, including the Kumon Bum subrange of which the highest peak is Bumhpa Bum with an elevation of 3,411 m one of the ultra prominent peaks of Southeast Asia.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The country within the Kachin hill tracts is roughly estimated at 19,177 square miles, and consists of a series of ranges, for the most part running north and south, and intersected by valleys, all leading towards the Ayeyarwady River, which drains the whole country.</p><br>
<h2>Kachin people</h2><br>
<p>The Kachin Hills are inhabited by the Kachin or Chingpaw, who are known on the Assam frontier as Singphos and on the Chinese frontier as Jingpos. Owing to the great number of tribes, sub-tribes and clans of the Kachins, the part of the Kachin hills which has been taken under administration in the Myitkyina and Bhamo districts was divided into 40 hill tracts (since reduced to five). Beyond these tracts, there are many Kachins in Katha, Mong Mit and the northern Shan States.</p><br>
<p>There were 64,405 Kachins enumerated at the census of 1901.</p><br>
<p>In the middle of the 19th century, the southern limit of the Kachins was 200 mi. farther north than it is now. Since then the race has been drifting steadily southward and eastward, a vast aggregate of small independent clans united by no common government, but all obeying a common impulse to move outwards from their original seats along the line of least resistance. Now the Kachins are on both sides of the border of upper Burma, and are a force to be reckoned with by frontier administrators.</p><br>
<h2>British administration</h2><br>
<p>According to the Kachin Hill Tribes Regulation of 1895, administrative responsibility was accepted by the British government on the left bank of the Irrawaddy for the country south of the Nmaikha, and on the right bank for the country south of a line drawn from the confluence of the Malikha and Nmaikha through the northern limit of the Laban district and including the jade mines. The tribes north of this line were told that if they abstained from raiding to the south of it they would not be interfered with. South of that line peace was to be enforced and a small tribute exacted, with a minimum of interference in-their private affairs.</p><br>
<p>On the British side of the border, the chief objects of Britain&#39;s colonial policy were the disarmament of the tribes and construction of frontier and internal roads. A light tribute was exacted. The Kachins have been the object of many police operations and two regular expeditions:</p><br>
<p>(I) Expedition of 1892-93. Bhamo was occupied by the British on December 28, 1885, and almost immediately, trouble began. Constant punitive measures were carried on by the military police; but in December 1892, a police column proceeding to establish a post at Sima was heavily attacked, and simultaneously the town of Myitkyina was raided by Kachins. A force of 1,200 troops was sent to put down the rising. The enemy received their final blow at Palap, but not before three officers were killed, three wounded and 102 sepoys and followers killed and wounded.</p><br>
<p>(2) Expedition of 1895-96. The continued misconduct of the Sana Kachins from beyond the administrative border rendered punitive measures necessary in the eyes of British colonialists. No retaliation had taken place since the attack on Myitkyina in December 1892. Now two columns were sent up, one of 250 rifles from Myitkyina, the other of 200 rifles from Mogaung, marching in December 1895. The resistance was insignificant, and the operations were completely successful. A strong force of military police was stationed at Myitkyina, with several outposts in the Kachin hills.</p><br>
<p>In 1910, the British occupied Hpimaw (Chinese characters: 片马, pinyin: Piànmǎ) in the Pianma Incident.</p><br>
<p>Burma relinquished the eastern villages of Gawlam (古浪), Hpimaw, and Kanfang (岗房) to the Chinese in 1960, ending the political boundary dispute. Although the area had been granted much autonomy under the 1947 constitution, the Burma government has since integrated it into the rest of the country.</p><br>
<p>The Chisos Mountains are a mountain range located in the Big Bend area of West Texas, United States. The mountain range is contained entirely within the boundaries of Big Bend National Park. This is the only mountain range in the United States to be fully contained within the boundary of a national park. It is also the southernmost mountain range in the mainland United States.</p><br>
<p>The highest point in the Chisos Mountain range is Emory Peak at 7,825 ft above sea level.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Chisos Mountains are located in Big Bend National Park. The range of mountains extends twenty miles from Punta de la Sierra in the southwest to Panther Junction in the northeast. An extensive trail system and permit-required backcountry campsites are maintained by Big Bend National Park for its visitors.</p><br>
<p>The mountain area is partly forested (recovering from logging and overgrazing prior to the area&#39;s inclusion in the National Park System in the 1930s), and surrounded by the Chihuahuan Desert. The nearby towns include Study Butte, Terlingua, Fort Stockton, 135 miles north, Alpine, 105 mi northwest and Presidio, about 100 mi west. Two Mexican towns (Boquillas and Santa Elena) border the park; and cross-border access was reopened in 2011.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>One of the multiple possibilities of the origin of the name is the option that it stems from hechizos, a Castilian word meaning "enchantment". Another possibility is the option that the word originated from chisos, a Native American word meaning "ghost" or "spirit".</p><br>
<h2>Peaks</h2><br>
<p>Emory Peak 7,825 ft</p><br>
<p>Lost Mine Peak 7,535 ft</p><br>
<p>Toll Mountain 7,415 ft</p><br>
<p>Casa Grande Peak 7,325 ft</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>Elevation: 5,300 ft</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>Ornithology</p><br>
<p>Birds of the Chisos Mountains include 81 total known species that live within six different plant associations. The six plant associations along with the number of known species within them include: the Arroyo-Mesquite-Acacia Association (31 species), the Lechuguilla-Creosotebush-Cactus Association (13 species), the Sotol-Grass Association (32 species), the Deciduous Woodland Association (42 species), the Pinyon-Juniper-Oak Association (32 Species), and the Cypress-Pine-Oak Association (24 species).</p><br>
<p>Myrmecology</p><br>
<p>Ants of the Chisos Mountains include 81 total known species within 29 different genera.</p><br>
<p>The Battle of Fort Royal was a naval battle fought off Fort Royal, Martinique in the West Indies during the Anglo-French War on 29 April 1781, between fleets of the British Royal Navy and the French Navy. After an engagement lasting four hours, the British squadron under Sir Samuel Hood broke off and retreated. Admiral Comte de Grasse offered a desultory chase before seeing the French convoys safe to port.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>In March 1781, a large French fleet under the command of Comte de Grasse left the port of Brest. Most of this fleet was headed for the West Indies. Of the 26 ships of the line, one was sent to North America, and five, under the command of the Bailli de Suffren, were destined for India. The remaining twenty arrived off to Martinique on April 28. Before sailing to the lee (western) side of the island, de Grasse anchored the fleet and sent someone ashore for news. He learned that a British fleet of 17 ships of the line under Samuel Hood was blockading Fort Royal, preventing the four French ships anchored there from leaving.</p><br>
<p>Hood was under orders from the fleet&#39;s station commander, Admiral George Brydges Rodney, to maintain the blockade of the port on the lee side, despite his protests that this would put him at a disadvantage should any other fleet arrive. Though disadvantaged by his position and his inferior firepower, the fact that all of his ships had copper bottoms, which required little maintenance compared to the alternative, and that he was not burdened with the responsibility of escorting a convoy both allowed him to focus his efforts on maintaining the blockade.</p><br>
<h2>Battle</h2><br>
<p>De Grasse ordered his fleet to prepare for action on the morning of April 29, and sailed for Fort Royal with the convoy ships hugging the coast and the armed ships in battle line. Hoods fleet was spotted bearing toward them around 8:00 AM, but de Grasse held the advantageous weather gauge. At about 9:20 AM, Hood was joined by the Prince William, a 64-gun ship that had been at St. Lucia. The two fleets continued to push for advantageous positions, however Hoods leeward position meant he was unable to prevent de Grasse from bringing the convoy to the harbor, and de Grasses fleet and the four blockaded ships soon met. Around 11 AM, de Grasses van began firing at long range, with no effect. By 12:30 PM the two fleets were aligned, but de Grasse refused to take advantage of the weather gauge to close with Hood, despite Hood&#39;s efforts to bring the French to him. The fleets then exchanged cannonades and broadsides for the next hour; though at long range, the damage incurred was modest. The four British ships on the southern end of the line suffered the most damage due to being targeted and outnumbered by eight French ships. Hood finally drew away toward St. Lucia.</p><br>
<h2>Aftermath</h2><br>
<p>Hood dispatched the Russell, which had been holed below the waterline to St. Eustatius for repairs, and to bring news of the action to Admiral Rodney. Hood spent the next day in fruitless attempts to gain the windward and eventually made sail to the north. He met Rodney on May 11 between St. Kitts and Antigua, the latter having left St. Eustatius on May 5. Reports of French casualties vary from as few as 74 killed and wounded to more than 250.</p><br>
<h2>Order of battle</h2><br>
<h3>British fleet</h3><br>
<p>British order of battle as provided by Clowes, p. 482.</p><br>
<p>Torbay, 74, Captain John Lewis Gidoin</p><br>
<p>Inishvickillane or Inishvickillaun  is one of the Blasket Islands of County Kerry, Ireland.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Referred to by Blasket islanders as "The Inis", Inishvickillane was intermittently inhabited during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, by one or more families. There are extensive ruins of ancient stone buildings and a house was built in the 1970s by Taoiseach Charles Haughey, who owned the island and used it as a holiday home.</p><br>
<p>Inishvickillane will be the first land in Europe to experience the Solar eclipse of September 23, 2090.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Apart from Tearaght and some rocks, this island is the most western land of Ireland; it is possibly the most western part of the country that had anything like normal habitation, since Tearaght&#39;s sole inhabitants seem to have been the keepers of the lighthouse there before that was automated in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Nature</h2><br>
<p>Inishvickillane holds important seabird colonies, being especially notable for northern fulmar, European storm-petrel and Atlantic puffin. A herd of red deer was introduced to the island by Haughey.</p><br>
<p>Great Blasket  is the principal island of the Blaskets, County Kerry, Ireland.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The island lies approximately 2 km from the mainland at Dunmore Head, and extends 6 km to the southwest, rising to 292 metres at its highest point (An Cró Mór). The nearest mainland town is Dunquin; a ferry to the island operates from a nearby pier during summer months. Despite its close proximity to the mainland, visitors to the Dingle coast can often not see the island through the notorious sea mist.</p><br>
<p>The most easterly extremity of the island, Garraun Point at 52.1045&deg; latitude, -10.5074&deg; longitude has been incorrectly cited as being the most westerly point of the Irish mainland.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The island was inhabited until 1953, when the Irish government decided that it could no longer guarantee the safety of the remaining population, however the islanders had been requesting that they be relocated since 1947. It was the death of Seánín Ó Cearnaigh that acted as a catalyst in the island&#39;s evacuation. Sean had become ill and as a result of poor weather, no doctor or priest could reach the island. Inclement weather prevented his body being taken to the consecrated graveyard across the Blasket Sound in Dunquin for a number of days. It was this tragic event that led the islanders to contact the Irish government and request that they be evacuated.</p><br>
<p>It was the home of three noted Irish writers: Tomás Ó Criomhthain, Peig Sayers and Muiris Ó Súilleabháin. Their works were all written in Irish, and have all been translated into English, as well as other languages. The homes of Tomás Ó Criomhthain and Muiris Ó Súilleabháin are now in ruins but the house in which Sayers once lived has been restored, and used to form part of the hostel which previously functioned on the island.</p><br>
<p>Until 1953, the inhabitants of Great Blasket Island formed the most westerly settlement in Ireland. The small fishing community (even at its peak the population was hardly more than 150) mostly lived in primitive cottages perched on the relatively sheltered north-east shore. In April 1947, having been cut off from the mainland for weeks due to bad weather, the islanders sent a telegram to the Taoiseach, Éamon de Valera, urgently requesting supplies which duly arrived two days later by boat.</p><br>
<h3>Demographics</h3><br>
<p>The table below reports data on Great Blasket&#39;s population taken from Discover the Islands of Ireland (Alex Ritsema, Collins Press, 1999) and the Census of Ireland.</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>Considering the tiny population, the island has produced a remarkable number of gifted writers who brought vividly to life their harsh existence and who kept alive old Irish folk tales of the land. Best known are Machnamh Seanamhná (An Old Woman&#39;s Reflections, Peig Sayers, 1939), Fiche Bliain Ag Fás (Twenty Years A-Growing, Muiris Ó Súilleabháin, 1933), and An tOileánach (The Islandman, Tomás Ó Criomhthain, 1929).</p><br>
<h2>Island Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>The island has an abundance of walks on both a green road and mountain tracks. There is attractive flora and fauna, pre-historic remains, abundant sea-life and extensive bird life</p><br>
<h2>Accommodation</h2><br>
<p>There is self-catering accommodation available in five restored houses at the top of the village on the Great Blasket Island. Accommodation consists of simple self-catering facilities including basic amenities with dorms to suit individual’s/ groups and private double rooms also available for couples sharing.</p><br>
<h2>Ownership dispute</h2><br>
<p>The hostel and cafe that once operated on the island have been closed as a result of a dispute between the Irish State which wishes to make the island a national park and an individual who claims to own the greater part of the island. The differences between the State and Blascaoid Mor Teoranta (BMT) were settled by an agreement made in August 2007; subject to the granting of planning permission, the deal meant that more than 95% of the island land, including the old village, would be sold to the State and become a de facto national park. In 2009 the Office of Public Works bought most of the property on the island, including the deserted village, and the state is now the majority landowner. Guided tours of the island were launched in 2010 and plans are underway for the preservation and conservation of the old village.</p><br>
<p>Tomb KV40 is located in the Valley of the Kings, in Egypt. The original occupant of this tomb is unknown. Only the upper part of the shaft is accessible; the rest is filled with rubble, and nothing is known about the tomb&#39;s layout. Although the tomb was excavated by Victor Loret in 1899, no report was published.</p><br>
<p>Excavations in 2014 revealed the remains of at least 50 minor royalty in several chambers. While the tomb was looted several times in antiquity and at the end of the nineteenth century, it still contains many fragments of funerary equipment, such as wooden and cartonnage coffins or textiles.</p><br>
<h2>Excavations of 2014</h2><br>
<p>On 28 April 2014, the Egyptian Minister of State for Antiquities announced the discovery by an Egyptian–Swiss archaeological team of at least 50 mummies in the center chamber and in three side chambers of KV40. Based on inscriptions on Embalming cache</p><br>
<p>storage jars, Egyptologists identified more than thirty people.</p><br>
<p>The mummies in KV 40 come from both the 18th and the 22nd dynasty. The royal titles found on many jars indicated that the buried were members of the families of Thutmosis IV and Amenhotep III, both of whom also are interred in the Valley of the Kings. The analysis of the hieratic inscriptions point to hitherto unknown royal princesses, four princes, and several foreign women, mostly adults. Mummified children have also been found. The royal princes and princesses are said to be from the house of the royal children in the inscriptions. In a lecture at the Museo Egizio (2015) Dr. Bickel indicated that so far twelve royal daughters were identified. Names include the Kings Daughter Neferunebu and The Kings daughter Nefertari, as well as the Kings Son Meri-taui. One of the women was identified as the Kings Daughter Taemwadjes, the one of the royal son, which indicates she was a granddaughter of the King. There are also women who are not obviously royal. Some women are have clear foreign names from the Near East and Nubia.</p><br>
<p>The finds in the 2014 excavations include a linen sock which was made to be worn in sandals.</p><br>
<p>KV44 is one of 65 numbered tombs in the Valley of the Kings. It was discovered and excavated by Howard Carter in 1901 and was re-examined in the 1990s by Donald P. Ryan. It consists of a single chamber accessed by a shaft. When discovered the tomb was blocked and inside were discovered three mummies in wooden coffins, these belonged to Tentkerer, a lady of the house of Osorkon I, Heiufaa, and an unnamed songstress of Amun. These burials, belonging to the Twenty-second dynasty, are evidently secondary burials since they were placed on rubbish filling about one fifth of the tomb. In this rubble the remains of seven earlier mummies were found, without coffins or funerary equipment. Several bee nests on the ceiling indicate that the tomb had lain open for some time in antiquity. The original cutting of the tomb is dated to the Eighteenth dynasty.</p><br>
<h2>Owner of the tomb</h2><br>
<p>Nothing is known of the original occupants of KV44 but it has been suggested that this was a tomb for Anen. This theory was proposed by Elizabeth Thomas based on topography and the fact that Anen was not buried in TT120. Excavations dating to 1990-1991 by Ryan showed however that none of the 18th dynasty materials in the tomb date to later than the middle of the 18th dynasty. Hence at this point there is no archaeological evidence for the burial of Anen in TT44.</p><br>
<p>Tomb KV21 is located in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt. It contains the mummies of two women, thought to be Eighteenth Dynasty queens. In 2010, a team headed by Dr Zahi Hawass  and including geneticist Carsten Pusch among others used DNA evidence to identify one mummy as the biological mother of the two fetuses preserved in the tomb of King Tutankhamun.</p><br>
<p>The tomb was discovered by Giovanni Belzoni in 1817. Belzoni described how easily the hair came out of one of the mummies when he tugged at it.</p><br>
<p>The tomb has a small low chamber next to the burial chamber where large white washed jars (probably containing embalming waste) were located.</p><br>
<p>James Burton, who mapped it in 1825, called it a "clean new tomb."</p><br>
<p>However, when the tomb was re-investigated in 1989 by Donald Ryan, the mummies had been torn to pieces, the jars stored next to the burial chamber were smashed, and a large graffito on one of the tombs walls proclaimed "ME 1826."</p><br>
<p>Announcing the DNA results in 2010, Carsten Pusch stated, "The data obtained from KV21A points to this mummy as the mother of the fetuses. Unfortunately we are not yet able to identify her as Ankhesenamun, Nefertiti&#39;s daughter."</p><br>
<p>Tomb KV31 is located in the Valley of the Kings, in Egypt.</p><br>
<p>During the archaeological dig seasons of 2010-2012, the scientific project "The University of Basel Kings’ Valley Project" began a study of several tombs, including Tomb KV 31. Within the tomb they found five mummies, two women and three males, all between the ages of 18 and 30. As there are no names with the mummies, each was given a designation based upon the room they were found in (room C or room D).</p><br>
<p>Mummy C1 is a female, 18–25 years old, short silky black hair. 159 cm long (5&#39;2")</p><br>
<p>Mummy C2 is male with long braided hair, 20–25 years old. 165 cm long (5&#39;4")</p><br>
<p>Mummy C3 is male. He was found with his arms crossed over his chest in the manner of a King, 18–25 years old. 175 cm long (5&#39;8")</p><br>
<p>Mummy C4 is male. His hair was short save for longer strands on the right side, suggesting the side-lock of youth (worn by princes). 160 cm (5&#39;2") No age was listed, but the final molars (wisdom teeth) had erupted.</p><br>
<p>Mummy D4 is female, but only most of her skull, one leg and part of her pelvis remain. They estimate a height of 5&#39;1", and an age range of 18-25. The hair on her head was short and red.</p><br>
<p>Each of these mummies showed signs of multiple fractures, but this may have been the work of tomb robbers, both ancient and modern. The link to this study, x-rays of the mummies, detailed reports of the findings, and the findings of the archaeologists can be found in the report link below. Included is also a link to "University of Basel King&#39;s Valley Project".</p><br>
<p>The report suggests that these mummies were all interred together, and that they might be family members of Thutmose III based on pottery and embalming techniques.</p><br>
<p>Tomb KV54 is located in the Valley of the Kings, in Egypt. It was originally excavated by Edward R. Ayrton on behalf of the American lawyer Theodore M. Davis, who funded the work.</p><br>
<h2>Site history</h2><br>
<p>Not so much a tomb but a small pit located near the tomb of Seti I, it contained about a dozen large sealed storage jars. Within the jars were contained assorted equipment and objects that had been carefully packed. It contained pottery, dishes, bags of natron, animal bones, floral collars and linen containing text dated to the final years of the then little-known pharaoh Tutankhamun.</p><br>
<p>In 1909 Davis donated the finds he was allowed to take out of Egypt (the contents of six of the storage jars), which were of little intrinsic value, to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, where they currently reside and are on display. Davis declared to the press that he had found the tomb of Tutankhamun, and he published his findings in a book called The Tombs of Harmhabi and Touatankhamanou (using the then-current French spellings for the pharaohs Horemheb and Tutankhamun respectively) in 1912.</p><br>
<p>One of the critical finds from KV54 was a piece of linen marked with hieratic text saying "The good god, Lord of the Two Lands, Nebkheperure, beloved of Min. Linen of year 6." Recognizing that KV54 did not represent Tutankhamuns actual tomb, and that it did signal the existence of a yet-to-be discovered tomb, archaeologist Howard Carter, who would eventually find the real Tomb of Tutankhamun, corresponded with the Metropolitans Egyptological Director Herbert Winlock on this subject in 1915.</p><br>
<p>In 1923, Winlock, who had subsequently found similar contents in other excavations throughout the Theban necropolis, instead identified the contents of KV54 not as an actual tomb, but an embalming cache, representing the refuse left over from the mummification of the pharaoh, rather than his "tomb". The food and other related items likely came from a funerary banquet held at the pharaoh&#39;s interment. He estimated that there had been a total of eight official mourners who had attended the burial.</p><br>
<p>When Tutankhamun&#39;s tomb was discovered in 1922, similar items were found in the entrance corridor, and it is thought that after the first robbery attempt of the tomb, the embalming cache material was moved to the pit that was KV54, and the corridor filled with rocky debris in order to stop any future robbery attempts.</p><br>
<h2>Gallery of images</h2><br>
<p>San Marcos Pass  is a mountain pass in the Santa Ynez Mountains in southern California.</p><br>
<p>It is traversed by State Route 154. The pass crosses the Santa Ynez through a southwestern portion of Los Padres National Forest, and connects Los Olivos (and the Santa Ynez Valley) with Santa Barbara, California along the Pacific coast. The road has been designated as a daylight-headlight highway by the California Highway Patrol and Caltrans because of frequent accidents, particularly around the exit for Lake Cachuma.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The pass is one of three passages across the steep Santa Ynez Mountains, and the nearest to Santa Barbara. The Painted Cave community and Laurel Springs Ranch near Chumash Painted Cave SHP is four miles east of San Marcos Pass via East Camino Cielo Road, which intersects with SR 154 right at the summit.</p><br>
<h2>"Battle" of Fremont's Pass</h2><br>
<p>No shots were fired during this "battle", which consisted solely of John C. Frémonts California Battalion crossing the mountains via San Marcos Pass on the night of December 24, 1846, during the Mexican-American War. At that time the Pass was only a path, and a rough one at that. It was a rainy night, and while Frémonts battalion had lost 150 horses and mules from sliding down the muddy slopes during the crossing, the exhausted men were able to reach the Goleta Valley foothills by the next morning, where they camped for two days. On December 27, 1846, they entered into Santa Barbara and ran up the Stars and Stripes at the Thompson Adobe (now 809-811 State Street). No force defended the town: all local men had gone to Los Angeles earlier that week to join the forces under Captain Flores and General Andrés Pico. These forces surrendered to Frémont on January 13, 1847, a little more than two weeks later, at Cahuenga Pass near Los Angeles.</p><br>
<p>A California Historical Landmark marker commemorates the "battle", but is instead located at Gaviota Pass, where the Mexicans were waiting to ambush Fremont, expecting he would go through there instead of the San Marcos Pass.</p><br>
<p>A local Army National Guard center is named after Frémont, in recognition of his capturing Santa Barbara and making it part of the United States.</p><br>
<p>The local legend of "Frémont&#39;s Cannon" derives from this battle.</p><br>
<p>Großvenediger is the main peak of the Venediger Group within the Hohe Tauern mountain range, on the border of the Austrian state of Tyrol  with Salzburg. It is generally considered to be Austria&#39;s fourth highest mountain . The summit, covered by glaciers, is part of the Hohe Tauern National Park.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>Originally known as Stützerkopf, the name Großvenediger (Great Venetian) is first recorded from a 1797 border survey. The origin of this name is unclear, probably deriving from Venetian merchants on their way over the mountain passes. An alternative theory is that the view from the summit may reach as far as Venice, some 200 km away, however, this is not in accordance with the facts.</p><br>
<p>The author and mountaineer Ignaz von Kürsinger (1795–1861), one of the first climbers of the Großvenediger in 1840, coined the epithet weltalte Majestät (World-old Majesty).</p><br>
<h2>Climbing history</h2><br>
<p>Several attempts were made in the early 19th century to reach the Großvenediger summit, after the first ascent of the nearby Großglockner in 1800. On 9 August 1828, an expedition of 17 men, including the Habsburg archduke John of Austria, failed in their attempt to climb Großvenediger due to an avalanche.</p><br>
<p>It wasn&#39;t until 3 September 1841, forty years after the first ascent of the Großglockner, that a team led by Josef Schwab made the first successful attempt on the Großvenediger summit, starting at the northern foot in Neukirchen in the Salzach Valley, climbing up southwards along the Obersulzbach tributary valley and over the Stierlahnerwand. Other members of the team included Ignaz von Kürsinger, Paul Rohregger, Anton von Ruthner and Franz Spitaler. Of the 40 participants, only 26 finally reached the summit, the others having stayed back due to fatigue.</p><br>
<p>Today several mountain huts serve as basis for summit ascents, though mountaineering on nival level can be dangerous in view of numerous crevasses.</p><br>
<p>Fournoi Korseon , more commonly simply Fournoi, is a complex or archipelago of small Greek islands that lie between Ikaria, Samos and Patmos in Ikaria regional unit, North Aegean region. The two largest islands of the complex, the main isle of Fournoi 31 km² and the isle of Thymaina 10 km², are inhabited, as is Agios Minas Island 2.3 km² to the east. The municipality has an area of 45.247 km. On the main isle Fournoi  is the largest settlement and then Chrysomilia in the north the second largest . Fournoi  proper is the main ferry harbour, with ferries also landing on Thymaina.</p><br>
<p>Many of the inhabitants are fishermen, although during the summer season the population is also occupied in tourist activities, mostly room rentals and catering. On the main island are a number of beaches such as Vlychada, Vitsilia, Petrokopio, Elidaki, and Bali.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>The climate is arid and hot during summers. Winters are rather mild with average rainfall but constant strong archipelagic winds prevail.</p><br>
<h2>Communication</h2><br>
<p>Communication is often interrupted during the winter period (mostly from November to April) due to bad weather, mainly strong winds. The rest of the year regular communication with the islands of Ikaria and Samos (by boat only) is available. Since 2008 a ferry coming from Samos reaches Athens stopping also in Icaria and Paros.</p><br>
<h2>Settlements and islands</h2><br>
<p>The main island of Fournoi has a population of 1,320, or over 90 percent of the municipality&#39;s population. The only other inhabited islands are Agios Minas, and Thymaina.</p><br>
<p>Mount Porte Crayon is a mountain in the Roaring Plains Wilderness of the Monongahela National Forest in the northeastern corner of Randolph County, West Virginia, USA. It rises to an elevation of 4,770 ft, the elevational climax of the Allegheny Front. The mountain is named for 19th century writer and illustrator David Hunter Strother , known as "Porte Crayon" , who produced a wide array of early West Virginia landscapes in his work.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Mount Porte Crayon is the sixth highest point in the state of West Virginia and the northernmost of the top ten state highpoints. It is also the highest point on the Roaring Plains, a natural extension of the Dolly Sods Wilderness.</p><br>
<p>It is also the highest point on the Eastern Continental Divide in Maryland, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. The relatively flat plateau on which it sits is the highest, largest plateau in eastern North America with 5.5 square miles lying at or above the 4,500 ft. elevation contour.</p><br>
<p>The summit area is set aside as an 8.11 acre prescribed management area, and is a Research Natural Area, for a native mountaintop red spruce forest that is home to endangered northern flying squirrel and endangered Cheat Mountain salamander. Mount Porte Crayon is the remote headwaters to three drainages and is the highest point on the Eastern Continental Divide in West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Naming</h3><br>
<p>A group of admirers formed the "Porte Crayon Memorial Society" in 1940. Upon learning of the 4,760 ft promontory (as it was then measured) in the heart of the writer-illustrator&#39;s beloved highland terrain, they successfully lobbied to have it named in his honor. On July 5, 1940, a dedication ceremony was held at the top of the Mountain following a three-hour trek to the site. It included a eulogy, a singing of the national anthem, and the raising of the Star-Spangled Banner atop a spruce flagpole.</p><br>
<h3>Nature Conservancy preserve</h3><br>
<p>In 2008, the Nature Conservancy established a new preserve on 100 acre of red spruce-northern hardwood forest and shrub-filled pastures which are slowly returning to woodland. The Mount Porte Crayon Preserve is wrapped around the southern shoulder of its namesake Mountain and borders Monongahela National Forest&#39;s Roaring Plains Wilderness for more than three-fourths of a mile. This is part of an ongoing, long-term program by the Nature Conservancy to protect 1,800 acre at Mount Porte Crayon.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>Mount Porte Crayon is notorious for its inclement weather, rapidly changing conditions, and strong winds. The prevailing westerly winds are so strong, especially in winter, that they deform exposed red spruce trees, causing the trees to be one-sided with branches growing mostly on the east side. Also, the summit is frequently in the clouds. Fog can quickly become so dense as to completely disorient hikers.</p><br>
<p>Temperatures on the summit are relatively cold, with monthly values averaging below freezing 4 months of the year. During arctic cold air outbreaks in mid-winter afternoon temperatures can stay below 0 F (-18 C and fall to -25 F (-32 C) in the mornings. Such cold is usually accompanied by strong winds, making for dangerously low wind chills.</p><br>
<p>Summer afternoons usually reach the upper 60s F (20 C) with mornings in the low to mid 50s F (11.5 C). Thunderstorms are frequent and can be violent with dangerous cloud-to-ground lightning.</p><br>
<p>Precipitation is plentiful, with the annual total estimated to be about 65 inches (1625 mm) distributed well across all months. Snowfall is also plentiful, averaging about 170 inches (67 cm) a season. Unusually snowy winters can produce 275 inches (108 cm) or more. Snow usually begins falling in early October, ending by early May. Occasional periods of rainfall and temperatures in the 50&#39;s F are common even in the coldest months due to the relatively southerly location of the summit (39 degrees N) allowing for mild above freezing air intrusions from the Gulf of Mexico. These warm rainy periods typically hold down snow accumulations on the ground and result in alternating periods of snow cover and bare ground. Snow pack usually reaches a peak depth of about three feet (1 meter) in late February. In persistently cold, snowy winters, snow can accumulate to 4 feet (1.3 m) or more in depth peaking into March, and melting by mid-April.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<h3>Hiking</h3><br>
<p>Mount Porte Crayon remains one of West Virginias most inaccessible peaks, since it is far from the nearest trail, let alone a public road. A walk to the summit using the USA Forest Services Flat Rock Run Trail or Roaring Plains Trail totals more than five miles and is a 2,500 ft gain endeavor. This involves a three-mile bushwhack through dense spruce thicket (including half a mile of some very thick spruce and rhododendron). Summiting Mount Porte Crayon is for experienced hikers only and its difficulty should not be underestimated. Views are afforded from a crag, known as Thunderstruck Rock, about a quarter mile from the summit.</p><br>
<p>A visit to the Nature Conservancy&#39;s preserve, which is open to the public, involves a three-mile round-trip hike from the junction of the aforementioned trails along the Mount Porte Crayon Grade — a former railroad swath that now accommodates an unmarked and unmaintained trail onto the preserve.</p><br>
<h3>Ski resort plans</h3><br>
<p>Mount Porte Crayon has been involved in controversy due to plans by Bill Bright, developer of the Winterplace and Glade Springs resorts, who wants to bring a ski resort to the area. The proposed ski area is rumored to be named "Almost Heaven Mountain Resort" and will have the largest vertical drop south of New York.</p><br>
<p>Sotra or Store Sotra is the name of a large island in Hordaland county, Norway, located just west of the city of Bergen. It is part of a pair of islands called Sotra that are part of a large archipelago stretching from Fedje southwards along the coast of Norway. The larger island of the two is Store Sotra , and the smaller  of the two is Litlesotra. Roughly 30,500 people live on the two islands of Sotra.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The northern two-thirds of the large island of Sotra is part of the municipality of Fjell and the southern third of Sotra is part of the municipality of Sund. The main population centres on Sotra include (from north to south) Vindenes, Ågotnes, Knappskog, Møvik, Tælavåg, Hammarsland, Skogsvågen, and Klokkarvik.</p><br>
<p>The island of Sotra is part of an archipelago, so it is surrounded by islands and waterways. To the east of Sotra lies the island of Litlesotra. The small islands of Bildøy and Geitung lie near Litlesotra. The Raunefjorden (to the east) separates Sotra from the mainland Bergen Peninsula. The small islands of Tyssøyna, Lerøyna, and Bjelkarøyna lie in the Raunefjorden off the southeastern coast of Sotra. To the south of Sotra lies the island of Toftøya and the Korsfjorden. To the west of Sotra lie a number of small islands including Algrøyna and Lokøyna. Finally, to the north of Sotra lie the small islands of Misje, Turøyna, and Toftøyna. Sotra is connected to the mainland by a series of road bridges across Bildøy and Litlesotra before crossing the Sotra Bridge, the seventh-longest suspension bridge in Norway.</p><br>
<p>The source of the South Branch is the outflow from Budd Lake, a glacial remnant located a few miles northeast of Hackettstown. The river flows out of Morris County, down the middle of Hunterdon County, and along the western edge of Somerset County.</p><br>
<p>At its end, it forms the border between Branchburg and Hillsborough Townships and, upon reaching the border of Bridgewater Township, joins the North Branch Raritan River to form the Raritan River, which generally flows eastward from that point. This area where the branches converge was called "Tucca-Ramma-Hacking" by the Lenape meaning the flowing together of water. It was called "Two Bridges" by the early European settlers, after a set of bridges built in 1733 that met at a small island (the island has washed away over time) on the North Branch. Today the area is generally referred to as "The Confluence". In the 1970s, the state discussed plans for a Raritan Confluence Reservoir, which have been shelved due to acquisition costs.</p><br>
<p>The river’s local grassroots organization is the South Branch Watershed Association. Their mission is to “Protect the Water Resources of the South Branch of the Raritan River and its Watershed”. Established in 1959, the South Branch Watershed Association is one of the oldest and largest watershed associations in New Jersey, covering 276 square miles, 3 counties and 25 municipalities. The group offers homeowner well testing, environmental education, river monitoring, annual river cleanup and stream restoration.</p><br>
<p>The unincorporated village of South Branch is located in Hillsborough Township.</p><br>
<h2>Tributaries</h2><br>
<p>Allerton Creek</p><br>
<p>Assicong Creek</p><br>
<p>Beaver Brook</p><br>
<p>Bushkill Brook</p><br>
<p>Capoolong Creek</p><br>
<p>Cramers Creek</p><br>
<p>Drakes Brook</p><br>
<p>Electric Brook</p><br>
<p>Holland Brook</p><br>
<p>Little Brook</p><br>
<p>Minneaconing Creek</p><br>
<p>Neshanic River</p><br>
<p>Pleasant Run (Campbell&#39;s Brook)</p><br>
<p>Prescott Brook</p><br>
<p>Spruce Run Brook (includes Spruce Run Reservoir)</p><br>
<p>Sidney Brook</p><br>
<p>Stony Brook (Washington Township - Morris County)</p><br>
<p>Turkey Brook</p><br>
<p>Bancroft Mills was an abandoned mill complex along Brandywine Creek in Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America. It has been the site of some of the earliest and most famous mills near Wilmington and was the largest and longest running complex along the Brandywine.</p><br>
<p>Gilpin Mills was opened on the site in 1787 and was the first paper mill in Delaware. Bancroft Mills was opened in 1831 by Joseph Bancroft (1803–1874), an English immigrant who had worked in the Midlands textile industry. The mill was rebuilt following an 1839 flood and was expanded several times, including a large 1895 expansion. Separately Riddle Mills were built in 1845, on neighboring land and grew rapidly. The mills were consolidated in 1895 by the Bancroft family partnership, which was soon reformed into a corporation. In 1880, at half of its future size, Bancroft Mills was described as the largest cotton finishing mill in the United States, and in 1930 it was described as one of the largest cotton finishing works in the world.</p><br>
<p>By the 1880s the firm was controlled by Samuel Bancroft who became the publisher of the Wilmington newspaper Every Evening and a major philanthropist. His collection of pre-Raphaelite paintings formed the basis of the Delaware Art Museum.</p><br>
<p>His brother William Poole Bancroft donated nearby land to start Wilmington&#39;s extensive park system, and his donation for a public library is also considered the beginning of the Wilmington Public Library.</p><br>
<p>While the Riddle Mills produced high-quality cloth, the Bancroft Mills were noted for their technological innovation and for finishing cloth that had been produced elsewhere. They were especially noted for producing fabric window shades. Bancroft introduced the mercerizing process into the United States, and pioneered the use of synthetic fabrics in weaving. They introduced the first permanent crease fabrics and Ban-Lon.</p><br>
<p>As textile producers left the northeastern United States for the southern states, Bancroft Mills closed in 1961.</p><br>
<p>The complex was recently owned by Wilmington Piece Dye company which went bankrupt in May 2003. The site was then bought by O&#39;Neill Properties Group, a company specializing in the renovation and revitalization of disused or potentially dangerous parcels of land. Bancroft Mills is scheduled to become a large luxury condominium complex, to be called Rockford Falls. Today the complex stands as a reminder of the significant milling history of the Brandywine Valley.</p><br>
<p>Around 1:30 a.m. May 2, 2015, a fire was reported at the site. Wilmington FD as well as Volunteer Fire Companies from New Castle County in Delaware as well as companies from Chester and Delaware Counties from Pennsylvania responded. The building was currently under demolition.</p><br>
<p>Early in the morning of November 9, 2016, fire engulfed a large section of the abandoned property, destroying several of the historic mill buildings. As of that day the cause had not yet been determined.</p><br>
<p>Rubel Castle , officially Rubel Pharms and Castle, was established in Glendora, California, by Michael Clarke Rubel , and is currently owned and operated by the Glendora Historical Society. It has been called "a San Gabriel Valley version of Watts Towers.”</p><br>
<p>Rubel purchased a 2½ acre citrus orchard on which the structure resides in 1959. He and his friends completed construction in 1986. Rubelia is considered the first major recycling project in the United States.</p><br>
<p>Rubel Castle was constructed partly out of concrete but also out of scrap steel, rocks, bedsprings, coat hangers, bottles, and other re-purposed materials that Rubel found.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>In 1959, Rubel bargained for the defunct Albourne Rancho property and took up residence in the huge citrus packing house, which he renamed “Rubel Pharm.” Rubel&#39;s father, Henry "Heinz" Scott Rubel, had been an Episcopalian minister and gag writer for radio comedians. In the 1960s, Rubel’s mother, one-time Greenwich Village Follies dancer Dorothy Deuel Rubel, moved into the packing house with her son. At 200 ft long it was the perfect venue for her favorite hobby: parties. Well-dressed guests arrived weekly by the hundreds, strolling past old tractors, horses, poultry, buggies, and the gritty accouterments of the bucolic rancho period, to arrive inside a tin fruit packing house transformed into a giant dance hall. Inside, surrounded by art and antique furniture remaining from Rubel ancestors, they mingled in the smudge oil and orange blossom atmosphere and danced to a small orchestra.</p><br>
<p>Sally Rand, the silent screen actress and fan dancer, famous since the 1933 Chicago World&#39;s Fair, never missed Dorothy Rubel’s parties, which were so extravagant that the packing house became known as “The Tin Palace.” Other people of note who came to the Tin Palace in those days include Dwight Eisenhower, the Duncan Sisters, Woody Strode, Beatrice Kay, Harry Townes, Bob Hope, Jack Benny, Kid Chissell, Angie Dickinson, and Alfred Hitchcock. Fellow castle builder "Colonel" Jirayr Zorthian was a supporter and friend.</p><br>
<h2>Construction of the castle</h2><br>
<p>Though Rubel slept in one of the giant citrus refrigerators, the walls of thick cork were not sufficient sound insulation to allow him peace from his mother’s parties. Beginning in 1968, Rubel began building a small get-away house in the empty old 1,000,000 gallon concrete reservoir, using cement and discarded champagne bottles. The walls of the reservoir provided privacy and a noise barrier while he built the bottle house. The project lasted twenty years, culminating in what is now called the Rubel Castle.</p><br>
<p>He began adding material to an existing metal water tower. With the encouragement of old timers like Odo Stade, and with the help of many friends and relations, the castle grew to be thousands of square feet with towers five stories high. Rubel and his associates built the structure without architectural plans, utilizing salvaged river rock, cement, steel, aluminum, telephone poles and wine bottles. Old motorcycles, tires, sand-filled rubber gloves, a camera, a golf club and a toaster are some of the items that protrude from the castle.</p><br>
<p>A restored 1911 Seth Thomas clock works runs the brass bells and clock that crown one of the high towers, which is 74 ft high. In the middle of the property sit a 1940s-era Santa Fe caboose, as well as old trucks and tractors. There is also a cemetery with rejected marble tombstones (but no graves).</p><br>
<p>In addition, “chickens are abundant and love this property as well as frequent animal visitors.”</p><br>
<h2>Legacy</h2><br>
<p>Over the decades, Rubel Castle has instilled a work ethic in hundreds of young people and stands as a celebration of the independent spirit. Huell Howser interviewed Rubel for Videolog in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Like a true castle, it has hosted royalty including Prince Philip. Some other notable guests have been Henry Kissinger, the Archbishop of Canterbury Robert Runcie, and Governor George Deukmejian.</p><br>
<p>In March 2005, Rubel donated the Castle to the.</p><br>
<p>Many television programs, music videos, and movies have been filmed on castle grounds, including NBCs Heroes and T-mobiles Frankenstein commercial.</p><br>
<p>Rubel Castle was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Sihl is a Swiss river that rises near the Druesberg mountain in the canton of Schwyz, and eventually flows into the Limmat in the centre of the city of Zürich. It has a length of 73 km, including the Sihlsee reservoir, through which the river flows. Water is abstracted from the river at the Sihlsee, leading to decreased downstream water flows and a consequent negative impact on water quality.</p><br>
<p>The river flows through, or along the border of, the cantons of Schwyz, Zürich and Zug. The main settlements of the Sihl Valley are all in the canton of Zürich, and include the towns of Langnau am Albis and Adliswil, along with a south-western segment of the city of Zürich. Above Langnau am Albis, some 13 km from the confluence with the Limmat, there are no major settlements alongside the river, and only a few small villages. Whilst the town of Einsiedeln is situated close to the Sihlsee, it is actually in the valley of a tributary river, the Alp.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>The first written reference to the name dates to 1018, in the form Sylaha.</p><br>
<p>The name may be of Old European or Celtic origin: *Sîla ("quiet watercourse", from a root *sîl="to trickle, wet") &gt; Romance Sila with the addition of the Old High German element aha "flowing water".</p><br>
<h2>Course of the river</h2><br>
<p>The river rises to the north-eastern side of the Druesberg mountain, in the municipality of Unteriberg of the canton of Schwyz, and flows north to the village of Studen. Some 2 km downstream of Studen, the river enters the artificial Sihlsee reservoir at its southern end. Nearby, the Minster also flows into the Sihlsee, and was, prior to construction of the reservoir, a direct tributary of the Sihl. The Eubach, Rickentalbach and Grossbach tributary streams also flow into the Sihl via the Sihlsee.</p><br>
<p>The Sihlsee is some 8.5 km long, and lies close to the town of Einsiedeln. It is Switzerland&#39;s largest artificial lake, and is impounded by a 33 m high dam. Electricity is generated by diverting water down a tunnel from the Sihlsee, which has a water level elevation of 889 m, through the Etzelwerk hydroelectric power station at Altendorf, into Lake Zürich, which has a water level elevation of 406 m. This has led to decreased water flows downstream of the dam, with negative impact on water quality and a tendency for the river to dry out in places during low flow conditions in winter.</p><br>
<p>Below the dam, the Sihl enters a narrow glacial valley and continues in an easterly direction, receiving the water of its tributary the Alp, before briefly entering the canton of Zürich near the village of Hütten. The river then continues as the border between the cantons of Zug and Zürich, passing through the Sihlsprung rapids along the way. At the village of Sihlbrugg, the river enters the canton of Zürich for a second and final time. North of Sihlbrugg, the river flows through a lightly populated and heavily wooded valley, accompanied by a main road and railway line. The Sihlwald forest, a rare example of a large-scale and original forest, lies on the slopes of the Albis that rise up from the river to the west. At this point, Lake Zürich lies only 2 km to the east, but is separated from the river by the Zimmerberg mountain.</p><br>
<p>Reaching the town of Langnau am Albis, on the west bank of the river, and the village of Gattikon, on the east bank, the valley becomes more populous and industrial, with industry originally attracted by the available water power. From here the valley bottom is continuously built-up through the town of Adliswil to the boundary of the city of Zürich. Once in the city, the river flows through and between the Leimbach, Wollishofen, Friesenberg, Alt-Wiedikon and Enge quarters before reaching the city centre. In this stretch the river is crossed by many bridges, and for one 1.2 km stretch the A3 motorway runs along and over the river on a viaduct.</p><br>
<p>Nearer the city centre, the SZU railway line runs in tunnel along and under the river. One access to that line&#39;s Selnau station is constructed in the form of an artificial island within the river. Just downstream of here, the Schanzengraben moat, which is fed from Lake Zürich and formerly protected the western perimeter of the Altstadt, flows into the Sihl, just before the latter flows under Zürich Hauptbahnhof railway station. The station has platforms on two levels, and the river actually tunnels under the upper ones, but above the lower ones, in 5 culverts each with a length of 190 m and a clear opening of 12 m by 3 m. Shortly after passing under the station, the Sihl joins the Limmat at the apex of the Platzspitz park.</p><br>
<h2>Flood risk</h2><br>
<p>The river flows through the Sihlsee some 50 km upstream of Zürich city centre, and studies have shown that a failure of the dam could lead to an 8 m high flood wave reaching the city within 2 hours. This threat is exacerbated by the fact that the river passes through Zürich Hauptbahnhof station in a tunnel that limits the river’s flow capacity, raising concerns about the capacity of the tunnel to deal with extreme flood events. This threat has led the City of Zürich to develop, publish and test evacuation plans for the affected areas of the city.</p><br>
<p>Cat Ba is the largest of the 367 islands spanning 260 km² that comprise the Cat Ba Archipelago, which makes up the southeastern edge of Ha Long Bay in Northern Vietnam. Cat Ba island has a surface area of 285 km² and maintains the dramatic and rugged features of Ha Long Bay. It is commonly used as an overnight hotel stop on tours to Ha Long Bay run by travel agents from Hanoi. This island belongs to Haiphong city - the most famous city of industry in Vietnam.</p><br>
<p>Cat Ba is the largest island in the Bay and approximately half of its area is covered by a National Park, which is home to the highly endangered Cat Ba langur. The island has a wide variety of natural ecosystems, both marine and terrestrial, leading to incredibly high rates of biodiversity. Types of natural habitats found on Cat Ba Archipelago include limestone karsts, tropical limestone forests, coral reefs, mangrove and sea grass beds, lagoons, beaches, caves, and willow swamp forests. Cat Ba Island is one of the only populated islands in Ha Long Bay, with roughly 13,000 inhabitants living in six different communes, and 4,000 more inhabitants living on floating fishing villages off the coast. The large majority of the population can be found in Cat Ba town, which is located at the southern tip of the Island (15 km south of the national park) and is the commercial center on the Island. Since 1997, Cat Ba town has grown rapidly and has become a tourist hub for both the Island and greater Ha Long Bay. Especially, almost all surface of this island is deployed free wifi access points as well as 3.75 generation mobile networks, which can make visitors can easily work when traveling.</p><br>
<h2>History of Cat Ba Island</h2><br>
<p>Cat Ba " Historical name called Cat Ba " Island means "Women’s Island" (Cac meaning all and Ba meaning women). Legend has it that many centuries ago, three women of the Tran Dynasty were killed and their bodies floated all the way to Cat Ba Island. Each body washed up on a different beach and all three were found by local fishermen. The residents of Cat Ba built a temple for each woman, and the Island soon became known as Cat Ba.</p><br>
<p>Archeological evidence suggests that people have lived on Cat Ba Island for almost 6,000 years, with the earliest settlements being found on the southeastern tip of the Island close to the area where Ban Beo harbor sits today. In 1938, a group of French archeologists discovered human remains belonging "to the Cai Beo people of the Ha Long culture, which lived between 4,000 and 6,500 years ago… considered to be perhaps the first population group occupying the North-Eastern territorial waters of Vietnam… the Cai Beo people may be an intermediary link between the population strata at the end of the Neolithic Age, some 4,000 years ago".</p><br>
<p>In more recent history, Cat Ba Island was inhabited mostly by Viet-Chinese fisherman and was largely influenced by both the French and American wars. The island was a strategic look-out point and bombing during the wars often forced local residents to hide among the Island&#39;s many caves. Today, the best reminders of the two wars have been turned into tourist attractions. Hospital Cave, which was a secret, bomb-proof hospital during the American War and as a safe house for VC leaders. This three-storey feat of engineering was in use until 1975 is only 10 km north of Cat Ba town. The second attraction, the newly built Cannon Fort, sits on a peak 177 meters high, offering visitors a chance to see old bunkers and helicopter landing stations as well as stunning views of Cat Ba Island, its coast, and the limestone karsts in Lan Ha Bay offshore.</p><br>
<p>In 1979, the third Indo-China War broke out between China and Vietnam in response to Vietnam’s invasion of Cambodia that ended the reign of the Khmer Rouge. Relations between China and Vietnam collapsed, leading to the Vietnamese government evicting around 30,000 … of the fishermen, and most of the rest of the Chinese community from the greater Ha Long area.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>Today, increases in infrastructure on the Island (including the building of bigger roads, dams to build harbors and to protect Cat Ba town from flooding, consistent electricity being brought to the island (which surprisingly happened as late as 1997) instead of having to rely on a generator, and large ferries and barges, able to transport trucks and cars to the Island from the mainland making daily trips to Cat Ba) made it easier for tourists to visit the Island, leading to a rapid increase in tourism and development in Cat Ba town starting in 2001. Since then, a stop on Cat Ba Island has been included in the itinerary of many Ha Long Bay cruises and a strip of tall, thin, five-storey budget hotels line the seafront, receiving more than 350,000 visitors a year.</p><br>
<p>Currently, over 105 hotels are listed in Cat Ba Island’s tourist directory pamphlet, from cheap budget hotels to flashier upscale resorts, and construction is underway on many more. Right now, construction is under way on the colossal Cat Ba Amatina, an enormous project that will transform the southern coast of the island. The Amatina compound will be "a world-class integrated marina, casino, resort and theme park" spanning 171.57 hectares and (VITC) will be able to host almost 6,000 residents at a time. The Amatina will boast "seven resorts with over 800 villas, three marinas, one international convention palace, six five-star hotels and one four-star hotel" (VITC).</p><br>
<p>The scale of this project is gigantic and will basically create a luxurious mini-city on Cat Ba and will attract tourists from around the world.</p><br>
<p>Cat Ba Island has become the adventure-tourism capital of Vietnam, and many of the activities advertised are nature-based. Visitors can kayak and take boat cruises through Ha Long Bay and the Cat Ba Archipelago, hike through the national park, mountain bike around the Island, spend time on Monkey Island just offshore, tourist can stay at Monkey Island Resort for real relax time on private beach, explore the Island&#39;s many caves, swim on Cat Co 1, 2, or 3 (three sandy beaches a short walk from Cat Ba town), or even rock climb on the limestone karsts.</p><br>
<p>With its stunning scenery, its association with Ha Long Bay, its proximity to highly populous cities like Haiphong (50 km) and Hanoi (150 km), and even China (many regional visitors come to the Island in the summer, the busy season, to avoid the heat and pollution in the cities), and plenty to do, Cat Ba Island has become a major travel destination for foreign and Vietnamese visitors alike.</p><br>
<h2>Cat Ba National Park</h2><br>
<p>At the heart of Cat Ba Island lies a visually stunning and ecologically diverse national park. In 1986, 9,800 hectares (approximately one third of the Island&#39;s total land mass) was annexed as Cat Ba National Park, the first decreed protected area in Vietnam to include a marine component (Dawkins 14). It had previously been the site of a timber company. In 2006, the boundaries of the national park were redefined, so the park contained 109 km² of land area and an additional 52 km² of inshore waters and mangrove covered tidal zones (langur website). The park is staffed by 92 people, including over 60 park rangers.</p><br>
<p>In 2004, Cat Ba Archipelago was declared a UNESCO Man and Biosphere Reserve Area in order to protect the multiple terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems as well the diverse plant and animal life that is found on the Island. The UNESCO designation divides the archipelago into three distinct areas, each with certain functions and restrictions that regulates development and conservation measures on the Island:</p><br>
<h3>Core Area</h3><br>
<p>The core area needs to be legally established and is not subject to human activity, except research and monitoring, and as the case may be, to traditional extractive uses by local communities. Cat Ba National Park more or less constitutes the core zone of the Cat Ba Archipelago Biosphere Reserve. (8,500 hectares, of which 2,000 are marine)</p><br>
<h3>Buffer Zone</h3><br>
<p>The buffer zone must surround or be contiguous to the core area. Activities are organized here so that they do not hinder the conservation objectives of the core area but rather help to protect it. It can be an area for experimental research and it may accommodate education, tourism, and recreational facilities. (7,741 hectares, of which 2,800 are marine)</p><br>
<h3>Outer Transitional Area</h3><br>
<p>To provide support for research, monitoring, education, and information exchange related to local, national, and global issues of conservation and development. (10,000 hectares, of which 4,400 are marine)</p><br>
<h3>Goals of the National Park</h3><br>
<p>The first purpose is conservation, and the park is primarily committed to protecting the nature and wildlife in the archipelago. The second purpose is scientific research, and the third purpose is to promote eco-tourism and environmental education. A third priority is to increase the economic development of the small communities living in the buffer zones of the national park through eco-tourism and conservation programs, that balance both conservation and economic goals.</p><br>
<h3>Biodiversity</h3><br>
<p>Besides its natural beauty, the park is home to an almost unbelievable number of species.</p><br>
<p>There are 1,561 recorded species of flora found in the park, from 186 families, including 406 species of wooden trees, 661 medicinal plants, and 196 edible plants. The fauna on the island consists of 279 species, including 53 mammal species from 18 families, and 23 Endangered and Critically Endangered species.</p><br>
<p>There are 160 bird species, 66 species of reptiles and amphibians, and 274 species of insects from 79 different families. Aquatically, there are 900 sea fish, 178 species of coral, 7 species of sea snakes, 4 species of sea turtles, and 21 species of seaweed found throughout the archipelago.</p><br>
<h3>The Cat Ba Langur</h3><br>
<p>The Cat Ba langur (Trachypithecus poliocephalus), or golden-headed langur, is endemic to Cat Ba Island and is one of the most endangered primates in the world. The langurs population numbers, which used to be between 2,400-2,700, dwindled to as low as only 53 langurs in 2000 due to poaching for traditional medicine and habitat fragmentation caused by human development.</p><br>
<p>Today, there are approximately 68 langurs left in the wild. The langur population and its habitat is monitored by the Cat Ba Langur Conservation Project (CBLCP), a German-based NGO that works in close cooperation with the national park staff and the local governments on Cat Ba Island and in Hai Phong province, especially the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development in Hai Phong, to protect the langur, its habitat, and to help conserve the biodiversity and environmental integrity of the entire Cat Ba Archipelago. difficulties the project has faced in the past and will face going forward. The CBLCP is an in situ conservation project, meaning the project works to protect both the animal and its habitat (there are no plans to put the langurs in zoos). This means that by taking efforts to preserve the langurs, the CBLCP, by protecting the natural environment of the archipelago, really works to preserve all the species found on the archipelago and to protect the overall health of the forest.</p><br>
<p>The biggest reason for the steep decline in langur population numbers was illegal poaching and trapping of the langurs for traditional medicinal purposes. This is a difficult trend to reverse, as the langur was being poached by local people who relied on the forest for subsistence and sold langurs to support their meager income, and from poachers outside the Island who are part of the international illegal wildlife trade. Another major threat facing the langurs is habitat fractionalization, due to increases in human development. Currently the langur population is fragmented into seven isolated sub-populations at five different locations on Cat Ba Island, with most of the langur groups being very small in number with some populations longer functional in terms of reproduction (only three groups are currently reproducing). The fragmentation of the langur population reduces genetic variability, which is already a major problem due to the minute population numbers, and makes it impossible for some groups of langurs to reproduce and replace aging group members.</p><br>
<p>To fight this problem, the CBLCP focused their efforts on two approaches: increasing education and awareness levels about the decline of the langur population and other conservation issues and creating a protection network that relies on the local population. These two approaches both take great effort and care to engage the residents of Cat Ba Island, which makes the programs more effective. The CBLCP also takes an active approach in raising levels of environmental awareness and education on Cat Ba Island; they also strive to create a connection between the citizens of Cat Ba Island and the natural environment.</p><br>
<p>Other mammals in the Park include civet cats and oriental giant squirrels.</p><br>
<h2>Environmental Problems</h2><br>
<p>For all of its natural beauty, Cat Ba Island faces numerous environmental problems. Increases in tourism and recent developments threaten the ecological integrity and biodiversity of the island, reducing and fragmenting the natural habitat for Cat Ba&#39;s numerous species. Illegal hunting and poaching, overfishing, and water pollution in Ha Long Bay continue to threaten the ecological health of the island.</p><br>
<p>Many tour operators include an option of trekking in the National Park or canoeing on three-day tours; shorter tours generally only stay overnight in the small town of Cat Ba (population about 8,000) or on boats moored in Cai Beo bay, about 2 km away from Cat Ba town. Cat Ba itself is attractively situated around a bay teeming with small boats, many of which belong to pearl or shrimp farmers, and can become very busy at weekends and during public holidays. The promenade has illuminations and a large fountain which only plays after dark; it is backed by a strip of cheap hotels and bars, but dominated by the wooded limestone hills behind. The island is a national park of Vietnam and was recognized by UNESCO in December 2004 as a Biosphere reserve of the world.</p><br>
<p>Serjilla  is one of the best preserved of the Dead Cities in northwestern Syria. It is located in the Jebel Riha, approximately 65 km north from Hama and 80 km southwest from Aleppo, very close to ruins of another "dead city" of Bara.</p><br>
<p>The settlement arose in a natural basin and prospered from cultivating of grapes and olives. A bath complex indicates the wealth of the community. Unusually, it was built in 473, already during the time of Christianity. In 1899, an archeological team from Princeton University discovered a large mosaic on the main hall floor, but it had disappeared when the team returned six years later. Traces of now destroyed murals were found on the walls as well. Next to the baths stands an andron, a meeting place for men. Further east, there was a small church but not much remains of it. Among ruins of numerous residential houses, a two storey villa which still stands today. In two lower rooms, one can still see an arch which would have supported the ceiling. This feature was typical in the Dead Cities. Behind the villa, there is a sunken building with an olive press.</p><br>
<p>Like most other of the Dead Cities, Serjilla was abandoned in the seventh century when the Arabs conquered the region and discontinued merchant routes between Antioch and Apamea.</p><br>
<p>East Creek is a 4.8 mi tributary of Delaware Bay in Cape May County, New Jersey in the United States.</p><br>
<p>It is probably named in contradistinction to West Creek, which lies to the west, although the name of that creek is ultimately derived from the Lenape "westeconk". It rises in Belleplain State Forest, and is dammed to form East Creek Pond, which covers its convergence with Savages Run. It flows through the tidal marshes on the east side of the Stipson Island peninsula, where it is joined by Willis Run. Just below, most of its flow is diverted by Roaring Ditch into Dennis Creek, leaving only a small channel to reach the bay.</p><br>
<h2>Tributaries</h2><br>
<p>*Roaring Ditch</p><br>
<p>*Willis Run</p><br>
<p>*Savages Run</p><br>
<p>Cerro Las Tetas, nicknamed Las Tetas de Cayey, but officially Cerro Las Tetas, and also Las Piedras del Collado, are two mountain peaks located in the municipality of Salinas, Puerto Rico, north of the city of Salinas proper. Since September 1, 2000, the peaks have become part of a Puerto Rico Natural Reserve and are protected by law. Their height is 2,762 ft above sea level.</p><br>
<h2>Source of the name</h2><br>
<p>The peaks are so named for their resemblance to a woman&#39;s breasts. The word "tetas" is colloquial for "breasts" in Spanish, much like the English word "tits".</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>A common misconception is that Las Tetas are located in the municipality of Cayey. Las Tetas are actually located the municipality of Salinas, in Barrio Palmas, a ward on the northwestern part of the municipality of Salinas. They are located close to—but not in—the municipality of Cayey, thus the "de Cayey" (English "of Cayey") in its name. They are located about 500 meters southwest of the intersection of PR-1 and PR-162. Topological maps readily show this.</p><br>
<h3>Confusion regarding its location</h3><br>
<p>The Las Tetas peaks are part of the "Cayey Mountain Range" (Spanish: "La Sierra de Cayey"). The La Sierra de Cayey mountain range, just like the Cordillera Central and Sierra de Luquillo mountain ranges, extends over several municipalities, not just Cayey. The name of the mountain range where Las Tetas are located (Sierra de Cayey) may be a possible source of confusion regarding the location of the Las Tetas peaks themselves. A little-known fact is that the town of Cayey derives its name from Sierra de Cayey, and not the other way around.</p><br>
<p>Another possible source of confusion may lie on the fact that the road to reach the Las Tetas peaks starts off from within the municipality of Cayey, albeit just meters from its border with the municipality of Salinas. A third possible source of confusion about the municipality where the mountains are located may be the fact that the peaks are located closer to downtown Cayey than to downtown Salinas. Cayey is also a land-locked and mostly mountainous municipality, whereas Salinas, as a municipality on the southern coastal plain, consists mostly of flatlands. This may be a fourth reason yet why many people believe Las Tetas mountain peaks are located in Cayey, and not in Salinas. Another reason yet for the confusion may be that in order to locate Las Tetas in the official USGS map, the map for the Cayey Quadrangle is used.</p><br>
<h3>Viewing location</h3><br>
<p>The Las Tetas peaks can be easily viewed from the rest area on Puerto Rico Highway 52, located at kilometer post 49.0 of that highway. The rest area is colocated with the Monumento al Jíbaro Puertorriqueño statue and monument, in the municipality of Salinas. The two peaks can be seen in the northwestern horizon when viewing from the rest area.</p><br>
<h2>Height</h2><br>
<p>The peaks are contoured at 841 meters high. However, the western Teta is actually 20 meters higher than its eastern twin.</p><br>
<h2>Court case</h2><br>
<p>In the mid-2000s the town of Salinas took the town of Cayey to court over the location of "Las Tetas" and won the case. The matter involved land development and the Puerto Rico Planning Board. The result was a vindication of the claim that the "Las Tetas" location as being in the municipality of Cayey was incorrect. Las Tetas, the Court agreed, are actually "Las Tetas de Salinas" for they are actually located within the municipality of Salinas, not in Cayey. They have also been called Las Tetas de Salinas. Even so, the name of the mountains are so embedded in Puerto Rican tradition that they continue to be called "Las Tetas de Cayey".</p><br>
<h2>Views</h2><br>
